Budapest Régiségei 30. (1993)

TÖRTÉNET, TOPOGRÁFIA = GESCHICHTE, TOPOGRAPHIE - Szirmai Krisztina: Archaeological observations in the northern section of the so-called vicus of Albertfalva, 1973-1977 = Régészeti megfigyelések az ún. albertfalvai vicus északi részén, 1973-1977 87-118

and only the Northern part of the earlier trench could be documented at the foundation of pillar 4. Its unearthed size in the North-South direction was 30 cm. The trenches observed in the foundation of pillars 2 and 4 - as suggested by their small size - may have served as storage pits or other economic purposes. The above suggested levels that belonged to two stone periods, as well as parts of features that belonged to the "plank" period. Archaeological observations in 1975 suggested that small trenches (storage pits) that had economic purposes and belonged to an earlier period preceding the stone buildings were found (foundation of pillars 2, 4). In the absence of data a more precise dating is not possible. We observed levels suggestive of stone building that can be dated back to the first third of the 2nd century which could be observed on surfaces Nos. 1, 5, 7, based on the interpretation of stratigraphie relations and finds. These levels built in the Traianic-Hadrianic era appeared in the form of gravelled, sandstone and stone covered walking levels (at an average Adriatic level of 100,36 m). Subsequent finds were observed between Adriatic levels 100,60-93 m because of the change in the Roman ground level, in the form of road and internal levels, stone covered and gravelled levels in the North-Eastern part of the so-called Albertfalva vicus. All this testifies to reconstruction in the Antonine era, based on the analysis of the period defining finds and stratigraphie relations (trenches 1-7). A building with a stone foundation belonged to the layers mentioned. The building was rebuilt during the Antonine dynasty. This period is represented by a small remnant of a 2 - meter -diameter oven. The building was situated along the Southern part of a road, with an approximately East-West orientation. Its ground plan is not fully known. The existence of the building could be traced along the length of 28 m in the North-South direction and the width of 16 m in the East-West direction. Parts of six premises, partially with the corresponding levels, were unearthed in Surfaces Nos. 2-5 and 7-9. Based on earlier research in the neighbour17 • hood , the building served husbandry purposes. From the North, the building was served yet by another 20-meter long and 5-meter wide connecting road of an East-West orientation. Location No. 3: (18 Hunyadi János út, Xlth district) territory of the Metallurgy Plant. Construction of concrete cover. (Picture 9). Surface No. 1: (Picture 10). Orientation: NorthSouth. Size: 8x6 m. Southern section: under the recent fill in the Eastern part of the section, gray, mixed earth reaching down to raw sand destroyed earlier features. Towards the center of the section a recent public utility digging destroyed archaeological data. In the Western part of the section, in the gray, mixed earth, a stone covered wall level appeared over a length of 2,60 m at 100,86 m above the Adriatic level. Below it, in the mixed, gray fill, a destroyed earlier layer appeared in the form of burnt charcoal at 100,56 m above the Adriatic level. Northern section: below the northern fill, gray, mixed earth was found, in the Western part remnants of a burnt through clay floor were seen over a length of 1,40 m, with a thickness of 10 cm. Beside and below it charcoal layers were observed. In this section the gray, mixed earth reached down to the digging. Eastwards from these features, 40x20 cm stones were found placed as a foundation on the raw sand, in the mixed gray soil. Eastwards from the 120 cm wide stony surface the gray, mixed fill reached down to sterile, yellow soil. The stones may have belonged to a pulled down foundation wall with a N-S orientation. An earlier period of the foundation wall is represented by the clay floor remnants burnt through and discovered in the section. In the section, a stone covered surface with a North-South orientation appeared with an average width of 1,20 cm and length of 4 m. It may have belonged to a wall with a North-South orientation. The wall appears to have been "pulled apart" by subsequent earth movements. The subsequent level of the wall is shown in the Southern section. Below the wall and in the area of the surface, parts of several curved discoloured marks of varying colours were documented. After unearthing it, the discolouring next to the stone covered surface showed a fiat bottom (Picture 11), without any finds. This feature belonged to the digging of a "pulled down" Roman wall. In the Western part of the surface the trench marked "A" appeared. Its form was curved. Sizes: 6,20x5,50 cm. Its section shows a mixed sun-dried brick and charcoal fill. There is no data on its flooring. Smaller, curved trenches that appeared in the Eastern neighbourhood of trench "A" had been ruined earlier by recent public utility constructions. Smaller parts of the trench were documented (1 x 0,30 m, 2 x 0,80 m) - however no finds appeared. These features probably served storing or other economic and structural purposes. A 70 cm wide foundation wall appeared a long a length of 1,70 m and with a North-South orientation on the Western top of trench "A". (Picture 12). No level pertaining to it was found. Major finds: South-Western corner, gray, mixed soil, layer 1: Dupondius of Titus.

20 BTM Inv. No. 84. 4. 60. Samian ware from Central and South Gaulish workshops, Traianic-Antonine. Inv. No. 84. 4. 12, 20. South-Western part, below the gravelled walking level, at 50-70 cm: sherd of flanged rim from a deep gray, bowl, with grooves. Gray, grainy. Inv. No. 84. 4. 61. Sherd of a lid, with a tiny, tall knob, gray, grainy. Inv. No. 84. 4. 62. Base sherd of a shouldered bowl, orange painting. Inv. No. 84. 4. 40. Northern band, mixed gray soil. Layer 1: body-sherd, with richly grooved bands. Multiple finger-pressed designs in a plain field, gray. Inv. No. 84. 4. 2. (Picture 13.1). Body- and rim sherds of a bowl with an undercut rim, pale gray. Inv. No. 84. 4. 65' Gray mixed soil, 0-70 cm: base sherd of a 90