Budapest Régiségei 30. (1993)

TÖRTÉNET, TOPOGRÁFIA = GESCHICHTE, TOPOGRAPHIE - Márity Erzsébet: Kronológiai problémák és városszerkezeti sajátosságok Aquincum polgárvárosában 137-147

SZILÁGYI 1956 SZIRMAI 1976 TORMA 1881 dapest területén és az Aquincumi Múzeum értékesebb gyarapodásai az 1951-53 években. BudRég 16 (1955) 387-^20. SZILÁGYI J., AZ aquincumi amphitheatrumok. Bp. 1956. SZIRMAI K., Előzetes beszámoló az óbudai legiotábor principiáján és közvetlen környékén végzett ásatásokról. BudRég 24 (1976) 91-111. TORMA K., AZ aquincumi amphitheatrum északi fele. Akad. Értek. 9. köt. 5. sz. 1881. TÓTH-VÉKONY 1970 TÓTH-VÉKONY, Beiträge zu Pannoniens Geschichte im Zeitalter des Vespasianus. ActaArch Hung 22 (1970) 133-161 TÖMÖRKÉNY 1913 TÖMÖRKÉNY I., Hírek az Aquincumi Múzeumból. Arch Ért 1913. 277-285. WELLNER 1964 ZSIDI 1984/1 ZSIDI1984/2 ZsiDl 1991/1 ZSIDI 1991/2 WELLNER I., Újabb őrtorony az aquincumi limes szakaszon. BudRég 21 (1964) 303-310. ZSIDI P., A Budapesti Történeti Múzeum ásatásai és leletmentései 1976-1982 között. BudRég 25 (1984) 461. ZSIDI P., Újabb kemencék az Aquincum gázgyári fazekastelepről. BudRég 25 (1984) 367392. ZSIDI P., Újabb villa az aquincumi municipium territóriumán. (Bp. III. ker. Kaszás dűlő-Csikós utca.) BudRég 27 (1991) 143-179. ZsiDI P., Aquincum polgárvárosának városfala és védművei az újabb kutatások tükrében. Com ArchHung (1991) 143-169. CHRONOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SETTLEMENT STRUCTURE IN THE AQUINCUM CIVIL TOWN The first settlement remains in the civil town date to the end of the 1st century, when a vicus stood here with pit-dwellings. To date, the structure and extent of this settlement are unknown, only a few features (pits, pit-dwellings) and their finds are mentioned in the literature (notes 3-7). Cremation graves from its cemetery already lined the road reflecting a Roman tradition. From the beginning of the 2nd century onwards, stone architecture was gradually adopted, which means that for a while wattle and daub and a combination between wattle and daub, wood as well as masonry walls were constructed (note 9). The town's structure and the line of the city wall are only partially known from this time. However, this period can be clearly identified within the structure of certain public buildings. Industrial works were settled outside the town area (potters' settlements near Aranyárok, the Schütz restaurant and at the Gas Factory site; notes 13-15) while the cemeteries were located along the roads leading out of town (Aranyárok, along the road leading south and at the site of what was to become a Late Roman cemetery on the east side of town; notes 16-18). Large scale constructions were most intensive during the 3rd century. Within the framework of a subsequent town restructuring an insula system also developed. This observation is also supported by the consistent repetition of certain measurements and general proportions in the town's plan (Fig. 2). The row of insulae measuring 35 by 105 m was measured from the aquaeductus. The eastern section of the town could thus accomadate 12 insulae and the western 8 insulae, in an east-west direction. This arrangement resulted in the grid shown in Figure 3. Surviving remains of the preceding settlement explain why this grid does not always completely fit the system of streets. It can also be observed that this system was consciously developed both in the city center and more peripherally located areas. The mere fact that such a grid can be reconstructed shows that it was laid out according to a concept in urban planning. In addition to the symmetric arrangement, the 1:3 and 2:3 proportions are also characteristic of the settlement plan. Its examples include the location of cardo between the western and as yet unknown eastern city wall, the amphitheater's position between the cardo and the western city wall. The aquaeductus divides the town into its eastern and western sections in a proportion of 2 to 3. The same ratio may be observed between the numbers of insulae (8 and 12 respectively). The proportion between the sites of each insula is 1 to 3. Another change in settlement structure that took place during the 3rd century is that the town expanded beyond its original borders and constructions also took place outside the city wall (note 20). The third major change from this period was brought about by the development of villa farms within the town's territórium. -XAA