Budapest Régiségei 24/1. (1976)

ÓBUDA, RÓMAI KORI TÁBOROK, CANABAE ÉS KÖZÉPKORI VÁROS = ÓBUDA, ROMAN CAMPS, CANABAE AND THE MEDIEVAL TOWN = OBUDA, LAGERÂ I KANABE RIMSKOJ EPOHI I SREDNEVEKOVYJ GOROD - Szirmai Krisztina - Altmann Júlia: Előzetes jelentés a ferencesek temploma és a via praetoriától északra húzódó római kori épületmaradványok régészeti kutatásáról 233-247

II. Parallel with the Roman excavations a medieval structure complex was unearthed where the lots of Vöröskereszt Street 14-21 were before. These medieval remains show the ground plan of a church and a cloister wing adjoining it on the north (Fig. 62). The greatest measurable length of the partially excavated nave of the church was 12m., its width 9. 50 m. The western outer wall of the church fell beyond the present field work, thus it could not have been excavated. The sanctuary has a ground plan 7. 50x7. 50 m. with square termination. Its corner buttresses came to light only on the southern side; in course of the works of district heating the buttresses on the northern side were demolished. The unearthed floor coverings of the nave were made 15th century 20x20 cm.bricks. In the same plane with the uncovered outer buttress of the southern nave wall, picking the north-south Roman wall fully accoss the nave to level, an inner buttress was developed. Starting from this buttress to the southern triumphal arch, there is a 30 cm. wide, almost unfounded wall. Between this wall and the southern nave wall the floor of the church is terrazzo. A grave was uncovered right in front of the triumphal arch, placed in the middle of the nave and made of rough broad stones (Plate 260). The grave was 2.45 m. long and 1.15 m. wide. There was no skeleton to be found. A 2.40 m. long and 2. 60 m. wide tomb chamber was uncovered in the central area of the sanctuary (Plate 260). The inside of the tomb chamber was of broad stones, and the uneven sandstone broad stones were supplemented by medieval bricks. Medieval stonecutters' marks were lound on the broad stones (Fig. 64/a) Steps led into the tomb chamber, their traces show on the southern wall;the remains of of its northern brick wall could be unearthed. There was no skeleton in the tomb chamber either. The original roof of the tomb chamber was not found, but concluding from its highest level, the level of the sanctuary was higher of that of the nave. The cloister was built north of the church. Very little is known of its size and structures. A Roman building came to light in the same plane with the eastern outer wall of the sanctuary. Beyond the corner of the Roman building, as a continuation of the eastern wall there is a medieval wall all along our excavation area. The Roman structure complex is ended by a 4. 80 m

. long medieval wall starting north from the shoulder of the nave. Thus the first room of the eastern section of the cloister was uncovered next to the sanctuary. The western wall of the eastern section was also to be followed in detail in the excavation area. The southwestern corner of the heating system belonging to the eastern section could be uncovered only (Plate 261, Fig.64/b). The bottom of the brick heating chamber was once remodelled. The highest remaining level of the heating chamber and the fact that only foundation walls were found in the cloister area, point to the fact that the level of the cloister wing was higher than the level of the nave of the church. The remains of the church and cloister were identified with the Franciscan Church and Cloister of Óbuda. The date of the foundation of the church, devoted to Saint Francis is not known, but it belongs to the earlier establishments of the 13th century (30). The small size of this excavated church and its square ground planned sanctuary seems to prove this. It is first mentioned in 1298 (31) and according to the 1316 census, the cloister belonged to the Fejérvár Guard (32). The cloister closed down at the beginning of the Turkish rule (36). The defining of the location of the cloister forming the north-western border of the city bears great importance upon the topographic research conducted for medieval Óbuda. 242