Budapest Régiségei 17. (1956)

ANYAGKÖZLÉSEK - Zakariás G. Sándor: Adatok a budavári kutak történetéhez 299-324

was made by the carpenter X. F. Niedermayer who had already made a well head in the Dísz- (»Parade«) square to which the conduits were also extended. The wooden well head in the Dísz-square was replaced later by one of marble made by K. Adami in the years 1784 and 1785, He made slow progress with this work as he was taken up at the time by other works, such as the sculpturing of the high altar in the parish church at Pápa, etc. Nor was the workmanship of the well head deemed to be satisfactory, wherefore 100 florins were retained. No plans or pictures of this well have been preserved. Judging by representations found on geographical maps, the ground plan of the well house was oblong with the four corners cut off ; the well head was of marble from Süttő or Nyergesújfalu. Because of its deficient execution, the well head in question was taken to pieces and reconstructed by the stone dressers F. Hofhauser and M. Endl already in the years 1779 and 1800. With the well in the Dísz-square, Ferences square, and that in the Iskola- («School») square, to be dealt with later, the total number of the wells through which the completed aquaeduct system supplied the residential quarters of the Fortress with water, came up to four. From the old maps it is the one made in 1822 on which the wells are most clearly indicated (Fig. 4). The well situated next to Town Hall was originally adorned with the statue of St. Ignatius. Having become anachronistic after the abolition of the Society of Jesus and the expansion of the ideas of the Enlightenment, the statue was replaced in 1785 by one of Pallas Athene with the arms of the town on her shield, a work of art made by K. Adami (Fig. 7). Adami received a fee of 280 florins for the statue, and J. Lázár 25 florins for the guilding of the lance of the goddess. The well in the Ferences-square was completed in the years 1795—1796 on its final site and in its definitive form. It was designed by X. F. Hacker, a carpenter and master builder attached to the treasury. The well Fig. 1 Plan by J. Henrik Jäger for the reconstruction of the St. Ignatius Fountain, 1776 Fig. 2 Károly Adami

's plan for the Town-Hall Fountain, 1777 Fig. 3 Engraving by Károly Schwindt, showing Trinity Square with the Town-Hall Fountain, 1830's. Historical Museum, Budapest Fig. 4 Map of a section of Castle Hill with the water-pipes and two wells, 1822 Fig. 5 A photograph of the Town-Hall Fountain. The covering of the pipes can be seen on the pavement. 1870's. Historical Museum, Budapest Fig. 6 Xavier Ferenc Hacker's design for a fountain on Franciscan Square, 1793 head (Fig. 6) was a small building in which there was an oblong basin with the corners cut off ; its shorter sides were adjoined by two square shaped niches. The well house is a typical piece of Josephine style. The marble basin was the work of J. Aprili, a stone dresser of Süttő, and the constructional work was carried out under the management of Hacker, the designer. We have but scanty information about the fourth well, that in the Iskola-square. It already stood in 1794, and we see it represented as a niched well house in an inset to a map of Vasquez from 1837. Its ground plan was modified later. Also smaller, bored wells with very deep shafts, provided with pumping mechanism, were used in the Fortress. There were also cellar-wells, the widely known »Turkish wells«, in use. These were situated at the bottom of deep, sometimes two, even three storied cellars, and contained not very wholesome soil water. But for the extension of the water cond uits to two wells in the Donáti-street (Fig. 8) the network of water conduits suffered scarcely any change in the 19th century. We know of a design made in a classicizing style by F. Wojtha in 1832 in connection with the intended transfer of the Városház (»Town Hall«) well which was never carried out (Fig. 10). This last named well had a permanent cover, the wooden structure of which used to be exchanged from time to time (Fig. 12—13). The network of wells was still unchanged in 1873 (v. map of J. Marek from 1873, — Fig. 14—17). One more well was opened after 1873 in the Nándor- (now Kapisztrán) square ; the well head was an imitation of the Roman copy in the Louvre of an Artemis statue made by Praxiteles (Fig. 18). This well head was later transferred first to the Iskola-square, and then to Nagytétény. The fate of the old wells was sealed by the completion of the present system of water supply on May 20, 1882, when all of them were demolished. All that has remained of them is the statue of Pallas Athene at the corner of the present Fort-Museum. Fig. 7 Károly Adami's statue of Pallas Athene at its present location. Photo-Gallery of Monuments Fig. 8 A section of Castle Hill and Viziváros with the two fountains in Donát Street. Drawing by József Baczó Fig. 9 — 10 First draft of the Franciscan Square Fountain and the map for its relocation Fig. 11 Ferenc Wojtha's design for the replaced fountain of the new Town-Hall, 1832 Fig. 12 — 13 Antal Walther's plan from 1823 and an anonymous plan from 1839 for covering the TownHall Fountain Fig. 14—17 The four fountains and their neigh bourhoodon a map drawn by János Marek, 1873 Fig. 18 The Artemis Fountain on School Square CAPTIONS 324