Budapest Régiségei 14. (1945)

Tompa Ferenc: Adatok Budapest őskorához : 2. közlemény 7-28

In Bazsarózsa-road, at an Early Iron Age place of discovery found on the Magyar Tisztviselők Telepe (Settlement of Hungarian Officials) six bins were found (fig. 11—16) arranged in a line of E

—W direction. We find vessels similar to the urn-shaped one shown in fig. 11 in the Bronze Age dwelling-settlements of Hatvan—Strázsahegy and Tiszakesz. On the other urn-shaped vessel (fig. 12) the warts were applied as lugs ; this is not unprecedented among the Bronze Age bins and in the Scythian domestic pottery. The form of the vessels for holding food as shown in fig. 13—16 is closely connected with the bronze pail forms of the Early Iron Age ; these bronze vessels are well represented on the Hungarian Plain (the hoard of Hajdúböszörmény, vessels from the Nyírség). In connection with the faceted rim of the vessel fig. 15 we have to point to the channeling on the rim of the vessels from the Late Bronze Age, to the oblique fluting going equally back to the Bronze Age and the turban decoration. The faceted ornament in this district goes back to this Late Bronze Age method, which changed, as a natural consequence of the metal technique, from channeling to striping. Beside the bins, a hut with plastered mud flooring was discovered with a fireplace. In the distance of 6 in. the traces of another fire place were found, but the flooring of the hut was carried away during the earthworks. To this dwelling places belonged the bowl-fragment with indrawn rim (fig. 17) the mug-fragments with an omphalos (fig. 18) with round belly (fig. 19) and the buccherolike one (fig. 20). The last type we meet in the middle of the Early Iron Age and in its younger period in the trans-Danubian district. In the regions of the real Hallstatt culture and in Upper Italy this vessel form is even more at home. The shining black surface of the cup fragment also points to the fact, that this vessel is connected with the Hallstatt pottery. The form of a bigger fragmentary vessel reminds us of the characteristic pottery of the Lausitz culture. To the same settlement belongs a double cone-shaped spindlewhorl as well as a flat, plane-shaped stone hatchet fragment (fig. 21). The latter find proves, that the inhabitants of the right Danube-side connected with the younger Iron Age and the «linear»-pottery also visited this district. This supplement to the earlier described Early Iron Age find material from Zugló helps us to get a clearer picture of the history of settlements in the Hungarian capital. If we consider the Early Iron Age find material from Sashalom (see the above mentioned note) it becomes evident, that the south-eastern borderland of the Hungarian capital became in the first half of the first millenium B. C. rather populated, so that further rich finds can be expected from here. The population which settled down here, became in the course of time members of the Eraviscan tribe, which played such an important part here during the Celtic occupation. ILLUSTRATIONS Pig. 1. — 1— 3. Vessels belonging to the Baden culture. 4—5—7. Bronz-Age vessels. 6. Vessel belonging to the culture of bell-shaped vessels. Budapest, Zugló. Pig. 2. — 11—16. Early Iron Age vessels, Budapest, Tisztviselőtelep. Pig. 3. — 17—20. Early Iron Age vessels. 21. Plane-shaped hatchet belonging to the Neolithicum. Budapest, Tisztviselőtelep. 28