Budapest Régiségei 14. (1945)

Tompa Ferenc: Adatok Budapest őskorához : 2. közlemény 7-28

FERENC TOMPA BUDAPEST IN PREHISTORIC TIMES. II. On the Pest-side of the Danube, the supporters of the Late-Neolithic Baden culture appear to have been as first settlers. The Lágymányos cemetery was perhaps in connection with an independent dwelling-settlement. Zugló was the earliest occupied territory on the left side of the Danube and it was inhabited during the Bronze-Age and the Early Iron Age too. We cannot ascertain precisely, whether there were independent settlements in Zugló too, for the greatest part of the finds came to light during earth-works and not in connection with any systematic digging. So the Budapest Archaeological Institute had to content itself with preserving and collecting the find material. Find material belonging to the Baden culture was discovered in the neighbourhood of Paskál-road. Two mugs with handles found near the Paskál-mill were taken to the National Museum. Besides a polished bone-dagger and a mug (fig 1), a bucket in the shape of a truncated cone with four symmetrically arranged warts under the rim also originated from the Békési-settlement ; the latter reminds us of the flower-pot shaped vessel type of the Bodrogkeresztúr culture. The Baden culture pottery of the Egressyroad settlement is represented in the Municipal Archaeological Institute by two vessels with handles (fig. 2, 3.) The vessel with handle from Haj tsár-road (fig. 4) belongs already to the Early Bronze Age, but it still bears the marks of the culture of bell-shaped vessels. The fragment of a bucket (fig. 5) can be decidedly reckoned to the Bronze Age. The conical vessel shown in fig. 6 was dico

véred beside a skeleton in contracted posture in Szentmihályi road. The decoration of the lug, consisting of vertical flutings, was already known in the Baden culture, but the vesselform and the circumstances of discovery point to the culture of bell-shaped vessels. The urn-fragment of Vezér-road (fig. 7) belongs to the II. or III. period of the Bronze-Age. There were burnt bones in the urn. The Early Bronze Age fragments from Zugló are — in spite of their sporadic appearance — of great importance, for they prove the continuity of the settlement from the Late Neolithicum on and, on the other hand, we come to the conclusion, that on the sandy soil of Zugló, the Bronze Age inhabitants found also during the following centuries a suitable place for settling down. We already found in 1906 traces in Zugló, which reminded us of the Middle-Bronze Age urn-fields in the sand hills on the left side of the Danube. We have met forms similar to the oblong bucket with two handles from the Egressyroad place of discovery (fig. 8) on the Hungarian Plain and in the Tabán dwellingpits containing Early Iron Age find material too. The bin-type, to which the fragment shown in fig. 9 belongs, occurs frequently in the Early Iron Age find material found along the Danube and is equally represented in the Early-Iron Age urn cemetery of the Szentendre-island. To the latter belongs the small mug shown in fig. 10. Besides the numerous vessel fragments, spindle whorls and the fragment of a bronze plate were found at this place of discovery. On the edge of the bronze-plate, we find parallel circular incisions, indicating, that the plate possibly belonged to the bottom of a bronze vessel. The Municipal Museum has also acquired a second Early Iron Age find material from Egressy-road being in such a close connection to the first one, that we can assume a local association of the two. From the latter, fragmentary urns and bins and part of a bowl with indrawn rim are worth mentioning. 27