Nyelvtudományi Közlemények 109. kötet (2013)
Tanulmányok - Rácz, Anita: Ethnic groups and settlement names in Hungary 255
Ethnie groups and settlement names in Hungary 261 The basic position taken in earlier literature was that the -d formation, like the -i suffix had been previously, was at its most productive during the 13th—14th centuries, and that place names were still being created on this pattern until the end of the 14th century, with later coinages of this type only occurring through analogy (Kniezsa 1943: 127, Bárczi 1958: 155). Gyula Kristó examined and reviewed the time boundaries for this name type. In his opinion, the spread of place names using the suffix -d was uneven (as is the case for various placename types), differing in popularity from one geographical area to another (1976: 86). He also maintains that the name formant’s vitality may have persisted down to the 15th century. It is his opinion that those names which turn up with a -d ending based on analogy only appeared after the 15th century (cf. 1976: 88). According to my own research, the most intensive period for the use of this name formant coincided with the period when the -i suffix also most characteristically appeared, i.e. the second half of the 13th century to the first half of the 14th century, albeit in much smaller numbers, with the tokens of the former type being roughly one-fifth of the latter. The reason for this might be, on the one hand, that name-givers may have got more used to collocating the -i suffix with ethnonyms and in this semantic category felt the -d morpheme to be less appropriate as a place-name formant, though its use was not ruled out. On the other hand, for some ethnonyms (in addition to the random lack of attestation) there may be morpho-phonetic reasons for their absence, since the data I have a collected data show that names ending in -t and -h never take the -d suffix, encouraging one to believe that a form of suffix-blocking is in operation. 3.3. Settlement names based on ethnoyms rarely turn up with the name formants -é ~ -j ~ -aj/-ej, -ka/-ke, -ny, -s. These have hardly been dealt with by earlier typologies, which is understandable if you consider that, in my substantial corpus, a total of only 16 such settlement names appear using any of these components. In addition, for some of these the etymology is uncertain, leading us to refrain from entering into more detailed discussion of them. 4. The third structural type of settlement names of ethnonymic origin according to classic typologies are those names structured on the pattern of a first element, which is the marker of the ethnic group, followed by the main element, which is a common geographical name signifying some type of settlement {-ház(a), -telek(e), -lak(a) etc.). The propagation of the earlier established typologies appears to have begun during the 13th century. According to Elemér Moór, the names of settlements using the -falva suffix started to take root during the second half of the 12th or the first half of the 13th century (1936: 1 17). István Kniezsa’s view is that the genesis of earlier place names based on personal names without a formant [or more generally any constructed without name formants - A. R.] were replaced by the new type of compound place name at almost lightning speed during the 13th
