Nyelvtudományi Közlemények 96. kötet (1998-1999)

Tanulmányok - Dezső László: Typological Comparison of Root Structuring in Uralic and Early Indo-European. [Az uráli és korai indoeurópai tőstruktúrák tipológiai összevetése] 3

4 LASZLO DEZSŐ 1. Root Structuring 1.1. Root Structures in Uralic in Areal Perspective In Uralic the following structures are reconstructed according to UEW with Statistical data based on Fancsaly's study (1988: 41), of which only the Uralic etymons will be presented: (1) cvcv 224 = 51,9 (2) cvccv 148 = 34,3 (3) vcv 33 = 7,6 (4) vccv 11 = 2,6 (5) CV 10 = 2,3 (6) V 3 = 0,7 (7) vcvcv 0 = 0,0 (8) cvccv-cv 1 = 0,2 (9) cvcccv 1 = 0,2 (10) cvcv-cv 1 = 0,2 432 100 The structures with initial CV- constitute the absolute majority (89,1%), those with initial V- the minority (10,9%). The structures with (C)V + CV séquence: CVCV and VCV are dominant (59,5%), but the share of structures with consonant clustering: CVCCV, VCCV is significant (36,9%). In the statistics the root structures with a final, separate -CV élément appear only in: (7) VCVCV, présent only in Finno-Ugric, (8) CVCCV-CV, (10) CVCV-CV (l-l examples) which are apparently late etymons. However, there are dozens of etymons with double forms, not counted, liké ip3 ~ ip3-se (or ip3-sé) 'taste, smeir (UEW 83-84) or with a consonant Cluster alternating with a simple consonant: junca -juca 'middle, center' (UEW 105), therefore, we should examine the problem of internal consonant Clusters. 1.2. Consonant Clusters in Proto-Uralic The majority of roots of Uralic etymons had no consonant Clusters. The typical C]ViC2V root with an obstruent for Ci and a résonant for C2 is characteristic of a number of languages as the gênerai or typical means of root structuring (see later). In structures with C1V1C2C3V2, the C1VC2 part has the same characteristics as C1VC2V and in C3 the obstruents are even more fréquent than in Ci position. It is apparent that a cycle is fínished with -C2 and a new one Starts with C3V (the question is examined in detail in Dezső 1998, and some data will be examined later in the analysis of root consonants). The complex problem of Uralic and Finno-Ugric phonotactics is treated in Bakró-