Nyelvtudományi Közlemények 96. kötet (1998-1999)

Tanulmányok - Dezső László: Typological Comparison of Root Structuring in Uralic and Early Indo-European. [Az uráli és korai indoeurópai tőstruktúrák tipológiai összevetése] 3

20 LASZLO DEZSŐ more numerous group is constituted by etymons with no level différence or of one level in the reconstructed Vj. This is typical for u-U (8 items), further correspondences: ü-I, u-l/Ü, uw-U; e-I, e-Â, e—A/À and u-WO, ü-WI/WA with an initial W. One-level différences can occur within the same system of reconstruction (n. 59). Two-level différence in the etymons is very rare: ä-I (67), a-U (47). If we add the one level différences in the two lists of etymons which can occur within the same system, the reconstruction of V] is identical (87) or differs only in one level (18). The following seven etymons with -VxC- can be added, but they require particular analysis. On üst S the sound x in VxC position can act as a laryngeal lengthening the preceding vowel, when disappearing. Such a lengthening effect is présent in a number of etymons of list R: üx-E (O:) (68), o/ux-O: (84), ax-O (O:) (71), öx-E (E:) (51), in three cases such an effect is not reflected in the etymons of list R: ex-E (76), ax-O (48), ax-U (O) (49). The various phonetic manifestations of the phonème y show its position in the zone of back vowels between high and middle levels. As it is not a cardinal vowel, it can appear and then disappear or change position. For instance, in the history of Slavic it has moved from long u in late PIE Xoy in Proto-Slavic. Then, in the history of concrète Slavic languages it has been preserved in Russian, its pronounciation moved forward without reaching i in Ukrainian. In Czech it coincided with i but the effect of its velar character has been preserved in the lack of palatalization of preceding consonants. In Serbian it became identical to i but / (< i, y) has no effect of palatalization irrespective of its origin. On the comparative list y is présent in twelve etymons as Vj on list S. The corresponding vowels on list R are back vowels, which is to be expected. They can be i/(27, 52), O (8,22), E (O:) (20) and most frequently A (5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 58, 81). If y existed, it was a back vowel rather close to middle level according to the data of UEW. In the présentation of the vowel system according to S, the sound y is posited on the high level or close to it. As we shall see in the analysis of V2, the unaccented

y had a position between high and middle levels because u and o could hâve been reduced to y. In the analysis of V2

we shall départ from list S which reconstructs the quality of V2

in ail etymons. The data of

S will be related to R. The low level vowels are reconstucted in both S and R and in most cases there are close frequency corrélations: a-a (13 of 14), and a-A (26 of 32). A vowel corresponding to ä cannot be reconstructed in one etymon in R and a-3 can be found in 3 items. Thus the two lists show a close correspondence. The remaining etymons hâve i, y in S and e in R (if reconstructed). The dominant corrélations are i-E (22 of 32 items) and y-E (24 of 43 etymons). UEW does not reconstruct the V2 corresponding to

i in 6 cases and y in 11