Nyelvtudományi Közlemények 72. kötet (1970)

Tanulmányok - Fülei-Szántó Endre: Auxiliaritás vagy determináció [Auxiliarity or determination] 200

FÜLEI-SZÁNTÓ ENDRE 211 lehet, a tartalmi kapcsolatban módosító és módosított látszik a leghelyesebbnek. Dolgozatomban — a szó szintjén — olyan szókapcsolat-osztályt kívántam felállítani, melynek tagjai formailag és szemantikai funkcióikban egységesen viselkednek. A meghatározásnál mind a formai, mind a tartalmi megközelítést igyekeztem elvégezni. FÜLEI-SZÁNTÓ ENDRE Auxiliarity or détermination The classification of grammatical phenomena in traditional grammars is carried out on the base of mixed views. Though any classification from several points of view is advantageous, there should be among the points of références either somé logical corrélation and/or empirieal co-ordination. The paper tries to separate the formai description of the grammatical category in question and its semantic approach. Thus, the paper not only has its goal to give a more total description of the phenomenon in question, but it may be considered as a working experiment too. Verbal forms being composed of more verbs are rather generál. In the paper it is about such verbal forms, where the first is a conjugated verbal form while the second — with différences in various languages — belongs to one of the infinite forms. Whether a partial set of verbs form a strict unity may be judged in morphological or in syntatic way. Such terms as „auxiliary verbs", ,,sémi-auxiliary verbs", „infinitive as direct object", ,,verbs of perception" etc. formally belong to the same group. In Spanish we have three major groups: I. The composed verbal forms of the conjugation proper, including the „conjugatio periphrastica". Here, the infinite form is a pást participle or a Spanish ,,gerundio". The conjugated verb is a „Substantive verb". II. Verbal syntagms ended by an infinitive may be called „auxiliary verbs". III. Verbal groups, where the second or the last verbum infinitum is an infinitive replaceable by a noun or a complétive sentence. While the first two groups contain only somé scores of words, the third one includes words of centésimal order of magnitude. The formai structure of all the three is always the same: conjugated verb -j- infinite form There is, of course, a real „preceeding" class, where the verbal affixes represent the fonction of the auxiliary verbs and a „succeeding" class, where final and adverbial clauses — better to say their abbreviation by verba infinita — match the original infinite verbs. Estoy para trabajar (= I'll just begin to work) is in Spanish a strict auxiliary syntagm, while Vengo para trabajar is a Compound sentence with final clause. The change of the original subject may also be a point of subelassification in the case of accusative cum infinitive or causative structure, etc. The semantic approach states that auxiliary verbs — in the broad sensé of the word — make the function of tense, aspect and modality. The distinction between objective and subjective modalities, such as reality, possibility and necessity (objective modalities), dictive, positively and negatively intensive, intentional, volitive and dubitative modalities (subjective modalities) seems useful. They all have one common feature: they in volve abstract verbs. While from a formai point of view the so-called auxiliary verbs play the part of détermination, semantically they are modifiers of some verba infinitiva which are to be modified. ENDRE FÜLEI-SZÁNTÓ 14*