1990 POPULATION CENSUS Detailed data based on a 2 per cent representative sample (1992)

C/ Housing, the housing conditions of the population

Comparing the number of rooms of the dwellings with the year of their construction it can be established, as a main tendency, that the younger a dwelling is, the higher is the number of rooms in it. Accordingly, the proportion of one-room dwellings decreased gradually in the various periods under review: from 37 per cent in the past century to 5 per cent in the 1980-1989 period. The proportion of two-room dwellings was the highest in the 1960s — 60 per cent of the dwellings built at that time had two rooms. The share of three- or three-plus room dwellings — except in the 1945-1959 period — shows an increasing trend, in the past decade it was already near to 50 per cent and presumably it will continue to increase. 53. Occupied dwellings by year of construction and number of rooms (percentage) Number of rooms Totál -1899 19001944 19451959 19601969 19701979 19801989 Dwellings built since 1980, in percentage of the occupied dwellings 1 16.8 37.2 29.6 22.1 11.6 5.6 5.5 0.9 2 52.0 45.6 46.3 56.2 60.4 57.0 45.8 8.0 3-X 31.2 17.2 24.1 21.7 28.0 37.4 48.7 8.4 Totál 100.0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100 0 100 0 100 0 17 3 Almost three quarters of the dwellings with all modern comforts are younger than 20 years, nearly two thirds of the dwellings with somé modern comforts were built after 1945, while 56 per cent of the dwellings with even fewer modern comforts were built before World War II. 76 per cent of the dwellings built in the 1980s have all modern comforts, but at the same time alsó dwellings without the necessary modern comforts were built. The proportion of such dwellings is 8 per cent. From the data by the year of construction conclusions can be drawn alsó regarding the changes in walling materials and in the technology of housing construction. Brick, stone and hand-made walling elements are the most frequent building materials — an unequivocal consequence of the number of buildings of family house character having been the highest in all the periods. Namely, in this form of construction, new technologies like, in Hungary, panel- or medium-sized- and large block-buildings are practically still in an experimentál stage and, for the moment, their share is insignificant. In Hungary, modern methods of construction appeared between 1945 and 1959. In the following decade and in the 1970s the share of dwellings built in this manner was already 19 per cent and, respectively, already near to 45 per cent The decrease in housing construction in the 1980s reduced alsó the number of dwellings built with this technology, but their proportion in the totál construction did not change. The building of dwellings using adobe, mud or stamped earth walling decreased very rapidly after 1960, their share after 1980 was already quite insignificant (0.9 per cent). In Hungary the extent of the use of wood as walling material is very small (0 3 per cent). In the overwhelming majority (92 per cent) of the dwellings the inhabitants form one household 10 years ago the number of such dwellings was almost by 290 000 lower but their share was similar (90 per cent) at that time, too. The proportion of dwellings with two households which was low (8 per cent) in 1980, too, is at present already only 5 per cent and the number of dwellings with three of more households cannot be neglected only because the number of their inhabitants is near to 100 000 In about three quarters of the dwellings used by one household there is one family, two or more families are only in 3 per cent of the dwellings. However, dwellings where the household consists of persons who don't form a family, are much more frequent (nearly one quarter). 45