1990 POPULATION CENSUS Detailed data based on a 2 per cent representative sample (1992)

C/ Housing, the housing conditions of the population

51. Occupied dwellings by comforts level Year, type of locality Totál With all With With half of Without Temporary and other accommodations Year, type of locality Totál modern comforts Temporary and other accommodations In thousands 1900 3417 617 1106 258 1292 144 1990 3637 1436 1089 313 676 123 Percentage 1980 100 0 18.1 32 4 7.6 37.8 4.1 1990 100.0 39.5 29.9 8.6 18.6 3.4 Of which: 3udapest 100.0 49.4 33.9 6.6 7.6 2.5 Other úrban areaslOO.O 46.4 30.5 7.4 12 7 3.0 Rural areas 100 0 26 1 27.1 11.1 31.4 4.4 Examining the availability of modern comforts with regard to the population it can be established that, in 1980, almost half of the population lived in dwellings of a lower quality having half of the modern comforts or having no modern comforts at all. By 1990, as a consequence of favourable changes, this proportion feli to 24 per cent However, the number, of these people — inclusive of the inhabitants of temporary and other accommodations — is over 2.6 millión, and there is good reason to suppose that most of them are dissatisfied with the facilities of their dwellings. This conclusion is even more valid for the 1 850 000 inhabitants of the nearly 800 000 dwellings without any modern comfort, temporary and other accommodations The age (year of construction) of the dwellings is very characteristic of the housing stock This criterion is often closely related to the size and facilities and, in a certain sense, alsó to the character of ownership of the dwellings. Over two thirds of the dwellings in the country — 2 563 000 dwellings — were built after 1945 Of the occupied dwellings, 56 per cent of the state-owned and other community-owned dwellings and 72 per cent of the dwellings in personal ownership (2 021 000) are from this period. 7 per cent of the dwellings in personal ownership were built in the past century and 19 per cent after 1980 18 per cent of the state-owned dwellings are older than 90 years and only 10 per cent of them were built in the most recent periods. The age of the housing stock is very different by locality types, too. In Budapest, the proportion of dwellings built after World War II is 55 per cent, 29 per cent of which are younger than ten years. Most new dwellings are in the úrban areas where 785 000 dwellings — 49 per cent of the totál úrban housing stock — were built in the past two decades, i.e. after 1970. Two thirds of the rural housing stock were built in 1945 or later, and, of them, only somewhat more than one fifth in the 1980s. 52. Dwellings by year of construction, by type of locality (percentage) Area Totál -1899 19001944 19451959 19601969 19701979 19801989 Budapest Other úrban areas Rural areas Totál 100.0 14.8 30 .4 6. .4 11.2 21. .2 16. .1 100.0 8 0 17 0 9. .1 16.6 28 .8 20 5 100 0 8 8 26 .2 17 .7 15.1 18 .2 14. .1 100.0 9.7 23 .2 11 .8 14 9 23. .2 17 .2 44