1990 POPULATION CENSUS Detailed data based on a 2 per cent representative sample (1992)

I. REVIEW OF THE DATA - A/ Main characteristics of the population

Between 1970 and 1990, the age-structure of persons of non-manual occupations changed. The share of the young, except of those with occupations in administrative and business management groups, decreased significantly. Because of the decrease in the demands on replacement, the greatest shift to the benefit of the middle-aged (30-54 year old) took place among those of technical occupations; in this group, in 1990, the proportion of those belonging to this age-group was already 79 per cent. The share of the 55 year old and older workers in the groups of those of non-manual occupations feli from 6 to 10 per cent, in 1970 to 2-5 per cent in 1990. The composition of economically active persons of non-manual occupation by major occupational groups changed in twenty years mainly in a way that the share of those of technical occupation, feli from one quarter to scarcely more than one fifth in the 1970-1990 period, while that of persons working in the field of health and culture grew from 19 per cent to 23 per cent. Commuting of active arners The earlier great increase in the number of persons commuting every day (by 242 000 between 1970 and 1900), was, in the past decade, followed by an opposite tendency. In the beginning of January 1990, 1 042 000 economically active persons — by 176 000 less than ten years earlier — went daily from their places of residence to working places in other localities. Despite the significant decline in their number, the proportion of daily commuters within the active earners feli only to a small extent (from 24 per cent to 23 per cent); thus, the importance of the role of commuting in the labour supply decreased only to a small extent. 27. Active earners working at their place of residence and daily commuters by sex 1970 1980 1990 Sex All active earners (1000 persons) Working at the place of residence Oaily commuters All active earners (1000 persons) Working at their place of residence Daily commuters All active earners (1000 persons) Working at their place of residence Daily commuters All active earners (1000 persons) in percentage of active earners All active earners (1000 persons) in percentage of active earners All active earners (1000 persons) in percentage of active earners Males 2933 75. .9 24, .1 2867 71 .1 28.9 2477 72 .7 27.3 Females 2055 86, .9 13, .1 2202 82 .3 17.7 1990 81 .6 18.4 Totál 4989 80, .4 19, .6 5069 76, .0 24.0 4467 76, .7 23.3 The fact that between 1980 and 1990 the number of persons commuting every day feli somewhat more (by 14 per cent) than that of the economically active persons (12 per cent) can be ascribed, first of all, to the circumstance that the great decline in the number of economically active persons took place only in the material major divisions employing commuters in great numbers, while commuting was less characteristic of the non-material major divisions making out a smaller share of the economy as a whole. Alsó the growing costs of transportation make the employed seek work mainly within the boundaries of their places of residence and the employers man the working places possibly with persons living on the spot. The growth in the number of small enterprises, priváté ventures as well as of the self-employed 25