1990 POPULATION CENSUS Detailed data based on a 2 per cent representative sample (1992)

I. REVIEW OF THE DATA - A/ Main characteristics of the population

of workers employed in the agriculture and forestry was by 272 000 (by 28 per cent) lower than in the beginning of the decade. Of the major divisions of the so-called "tertiary character" the number of economically active persons in transport, post and telecommunication, trade and water works and supply the number of economically active persons still grew to a great extent in the 1970s. In the past decade this process stopped short and in transport, post and telecommunication even a decline ocurred which, however, was more moderate than in mining and manufacturing and agriculture. As a necessary consequence of the socio-economic development the role of the non-material sphere — mainly of the health, social and cultural services — has alsó increased already since the early 1970s. Here, the increasing trend continued alsó in the 1980s. This circumstance required an increase in the number of persons employed in services which, by nature, are labour-intensive. The labour demand appearing due to the development of services in the non-material major divisions could be met only partly by the relatively low number of young persons taking a job for the first time and trying to find employment in these major divisions in a greater number than earlier. Thus, a great share of the labour demand was met by the movement of manpower from other major divisions of the national economy — first of all from mining and manufacturing and from construction — to the sphere of services. In the beginning of 1990, in the non-material major divisons the totál number of workers was by 155 000 (by 16 per cent) higher than ten years before. Within this, in the 1980-1990 period the number of those performing personal and business services grew by 52 000, by 33 per cent, and the number of those pursuing a gainful economic activity in the field of health, social and cultural services increased by 72 000, by 14 per cent. 23. Active earners by industry Industry Number (1000 persons) Percentage Industry 1970 1980 1990 1970 1980 1990 Mining, manufacturing 1813 1725 1385 36 3 34 0 31 0 Construction 370 411 308 7 4 8 1 6 9 Agriculture, forestry 1231 957 686 24 7 18 9 15 3 Transport, post and telecommunication 363 413 386 7 3 8 1 8 6 Trade 397 498 495 8 0 9 8 11 1 Water works and supply 59 77 75 1 2 1 5 1 7 Other material activity 39 47 38 0 8 0 9 0 8 Personal and economic services 99 158 210 2 0 3 1 4 7 Health, social and cultural services 372 523 595 7 5 10 3 13 3 Community, ad; únistrative and other services 245 261 292 4 9 5 1 6 5 Totál 4909 5069 4467 100 0 100 0 100 0 Of which: non-material branches 716 941 1096 14.4 18 6 24 5 It belongs to the problem of structural transformation that a process of reorganization resulting in the spreading of new-type small organizations, on the one hand, and of priváté undertakings, on the other, started already in 1982 and strongly accelerated over the late 1980s, covering practically all fields of the economy. Many small organizations came into being through the de-merger of former big enterprises, while others were newly established. Altogether, however, in the beginning of 1990, too, Hungárián economy was characterized by the predominance of the traditional big enterprises and cooperatives. 21