1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

V. THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMPLOYMENT, CHANGE IN THE COMPOSITION OF ACTIVE EARNERS

second part of the decade the decrease came from the lowering of pension age of the agricultural cooperative members. In the slowening of the mobility process played part among others: - the lack of considerable difference in income between agriculture and other branches of economy; - the employment possibilities of agricultural workers in other branches became more limited than before; - as a result of the technical development and the widening of "side activities" of agricultural units, the re stratification process took place within the agriculture, so that the proportion of those pursuing traditional agricultural activities was decreasing and the proportion of workers rendering other service activities like repairing was increasing. The composition of active earners by the branches of economy Branch of economy Number (in 1 000) Percent Index Branch of economy 1960 1970 1980 1960 1970 1980 1970 1960=100 1980 1970=100 Manufacture 1 329 1 813 1 725 27. 9 36. 3 34. 0 136. 5 95. 1 Construction 289 370 413 6.1 7. 4 8. 1 128. 0 111.6 Agriculture and forestry 1 832 1 217 940 38. 5 24. 4 18. 6 66. 4 77. 3 Transportation, communication 308 363 412 6. 5 7. 3 8. 1 117. 7 113.6 Trade 298 395 496 6. 3 7. 9 9. 8 132. 6 125. 6 Water supply 11 59 77 0. 2 1.2 1. 5 545. 6 129. 7 Personel and economic services 117 138 199 2. 5 2. 8 3. 9 117. 3 144.7 Health, social and cultural services 269 382 541 5. 6 7. 7 10. 7 142.3 141. 4 Communal, administrative and other services 307 252 266 6. 4 5. 0 5. 3 82. 0 105. 9 Total 4 760 4 989 5 069 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 104. 8 101. 6 The distribution of active earners by age - which was showed earlier - and the change of this distribution had fairly diverging effects on the age composition of different branches. The age composition of the employed in the nonagricultural branches is fairly favourable. Though it is true that in these branches there was a decrease in the proportion of the young, but their proportion - similar to ten years earlier - is still the highest here, besides there was a rise in the proportion of the 30-39 year old from 24 percent to 26 percent. The age structure of the workers in agriculture and forestry is different from the former; the age structure of the here employed is still the most unfavourable, since 1970 there was a slight increase in the proportion of the young and the 30-39 aged, but more than half of the active earners are still over 40. In the service branches the proportion of those below 30 is 30 percent just like 10 years before, the proportion of the 30-39 aged is the same, in 197 0 the proportion of the 30-39 aged was 26 percent which means that the age composition of the here employed slightly improved. The effect of the improvement in the field of educational level can be observed in all branches. The progress was especially considerable in the field of agriculture and forestry, where in 197 0 two thirds of the active earners completed less than the 8 grades of primary education, but by 1980 two thirds was the proportion of those who had completed 8 grades of primary education or completed other higher education. The number of active earners who had secondary education as completed highest education was by 377 thousand more in 1980 than in 1970. 28 percent of this excess appeared in the service sector, somewhat more than one fourth in the industry and 14 percent of it appeared in the field of trade. The number of those who were trained in vocational schools rose by 467 thousand since 197 0, the vast majority of them (86 percent) work in the material branches. The number of higher educated active earners was by 155 thousand more in 1980 than in 197 0, "3Q ^thousand out of this added to the higher educated active earners in the communal, administrative, lr«ailth, social and culture service fields. This connected to the relatively great need for higher educated experts in these fields. The composition of active earners by social sectors changed only slightly in the course of the past decade. The proportion of the employed in the socialist sector was 97 percent 1 percent more than 97