1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

IV. THE CHANGE IN THE POPULATION'S DEMOGRAPHIC AND EDUCATIONAL CHARAC-TERISTICS

science and general education (23 percent). On the contrary there is a decreasing tendency in the proportion of men with degree in health and arts. Since the great number of those who graduated in the past two decades, the age composition of the higher educated is characterized by a rejuvenation tendency. More than one fourth of the higher educated are under 30, within this 18 percent are between 2 5 and 29. The majority of the young is showed by the fact, that by now more than half of the higher educated are under 40. Related to those in the corresponding age, the greatest increase can be observed in the 25-39 age group. Their proportion was 2 percent in 1920 and increased to 10 percent. The proportion of the old is highest in those higher educational groups which had leading role in the educational system before the liberation. If we look at the age groups by the nature of qualification we find rejuvenation tendency obviously in those fields where training goes back to the shortest past. Such is for example the computing. The age composition of higher educated in the two sexes follows the change in the proportions of participating in the training. The greater increase in the number of women and their later engagement into higher education expanded the number and rate of younger age groups. So in the case of women the proportion of 60 years old and older is only 5 percent, contrary to 13 percent in the case of men. Before the liberation women were supposed to be trained only in certain fields, this also contributes to their higher proportion in younger age groups. So a great majority of women obtained their degrees much later than men. More than half of the higher educated obtain their degrees in the age 20-24. 44 percent of the men and 62 percent of the women graduate in this age. So in general the women graduate in higher education sooner than their male colleagues. This can be explained by two factors, first: greater proportion of women graduate in shorter term fields like teacher, kindergartner; second: in most cases men start higher education one year later because of the military service. The higher educated by age groups and sex (percentage) Year Total 202530354045505560657075-X Total 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 75-X 25-X 1960 100. 0 4. 0 18. 3 16. 2 13. 1 8. 3 10. 3 7. 9 7. 1 5. 6 3. 9 2. 8 2. 5 96. 0 1970 100. 0 7. 7 18. 5 12. 2 14. 2 12. 7 9. 8 5. 5 6. 4 4. 5 3. 6 2. 5 2. ,4 92. 3 1980 100. 0 7. , 6 18. 0 16. 7 14. 8 9. 2 9. 6 8. 2 5. 9 3. 0 3. 1 1. 9 2. 0 92. 4 Men 1960 100. 0 3. 0 16. 7 15. 5 13. 2 8. 3 10. 8 8. 5 7.8 6. 0 4. 3 3. 1 2. 8 97. 0 1970 100. 0 5. 4 14. 8 11.3 14. 7 13.8 11.2 6. 3 7.4 5. 2 4. 3 2. 8 2. 8 94. 6 198 0 100. 0 4. 5 14. 1 14. 9 14. 1 9. 9 11.4 10. 3 7.7 3. 9 4. 1 2. 5 2. 6 95. 5 Women 1960 100. 0 7. 1 23. 8 18. 5 12. 6 8. 0 8. 7 6. 1 5. 0 4. 6 2. 6 1. 6 1. , 4 92. 9 1970 100. 0 12. 6 26. 5 14. 2 13. 1 10. ,2 6. 8 4. 0 4. 2 2. 8 2. 2 1. 8 1. , 6 87. ,4 1980 100. 0 12.3 23. 9 19. 4 15. 9 8. 2 6. 9 5. 0 3. 1 1. 7 1. 6 1. 0 1, . 0 87. , 7 The composition of the higher educated by marital status differs from the national average. The proportion of unmarried men is 11 percent, the proportion of unmarried women is 18 percent,contrary to the 15 percent and 8 percent proportions of the 20 years old and older population. The proportion of married men exceeds to a greater extent, the proportion of married women exceeds to a smaller extent the corresponding proportions of the control age class. The rate of widowed higher educated is lower in both sexes than the national average due to the younger age of the higher educated. This is especially so in the case of widowed women, where the 4 percent proportion contrasts the 18 percent proportion for the 20 years old and older. The proportion of divorced higher educated is the same as the national average in the case of men, in the case of women it is one percent higher. If we examine the marital status composition by age groups, we may arrive to the conclusion, thet in the case of higher educated men the proportion of married is higher in the younger age groups than the average. This is not so in the case of women. The number of unmarried higher educated women is relatively high. The proportion of divorced is extraordinarily high, it is 13 percent in the 40-59 age group contrary to the 8 percent average for all women in this age group. 83