1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

IV. THE CHANGE IN THE POPULATION'S DEMOGRAPHIC AND EDUCATIONAL CHARAC-TERISTICS

IV. The change in the population' s demographic and educational characteristics THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POPULATION The number of the population of the country was 10 709 463, 3.8 percent more than a decade earlier. The censuses give account of the development of the population through 110 years, in 1870 5 Oil 310 people lived in Hungary's present territory. The duplication of the population took hundred years. Till the turn of the century the effective growth of the population increased decade by decade, it was highest in the period between 1891 and 1900, when it was 13.2 percent. Since the turn of the century a gradual decrease can be observed in the effective growth of the population. In regard to the decreasing basic trend the graduality is limited. Due to the First World War in the period between 1911 and 1920 the effective growth was considerably smaller than expected. As a result of the losses in the Second World War, the deportations and emigrations, in the period between 1941 and 1948 there was effective decrease of the population. Partly as a reaction to this and partly as a result of severe population policies supporting by administrative measures the births, the extent of the effective growth in the period between 1949 and 1959 exceeded that of the decade before the Second World War. In the period from 1960 to 1969 the effective growth was only 3.6 percent and in the past decade 3. 8 per cent. The development of the number of population, density of population Year The population Density of population per 1 km^ Year number in percentage of the 1870 census in percentage of the previous census Density of population per 1 km^ 1870 5 011 310 100.0 _ 53. 9 1880 5 329 191 106.3 106. 3 57. 3 1890 6 009 351 119. 9 112.8 64. 6 1900 6 854 415 136.8 113. 2 73. 7 1910 7 612 114 151.9 111.1 81.8 1920 7 986 875 159.4 104. 9 85. 8 1930 8 685 109 173. 3 108. 7 93.4 1941 9 316 074 185. 9 107. 3 100. 1 1949 9 204 799 183.7 98.8 98. 9 1960 9 961 044 198. 8 108. 2 107. 1 1970 10 322 099 206. 0 103. 6 110. 9 1980 10 709 463 213.7 103. 8 115. 1 In Hungary, generally the natural growth is the determinant of the effective growth, the international migration effected considerably twice the effective development of the population. First of all between 1941 and 1948, when the deficit of the migration amounted to 40 percent of the number of deaths, between 1949 and 1959 the deficit of migration amounted only to 14 percent of the number of deaths. (The excess of emigration had a considerable effect on the decrease of population between 1941 and 1948, between 1949 and 1959 it decreased the effective growth.) Besides the effective growth depends on the number of live births and on the death rate. The development of the effective growth shows, that since the turn of the century with no regard to exceptional periods the fertility was decreasing more than the mortality. A special situation came to force between 197 0 and 1979, when the pace of the population growth was higher than in the sixties, but amounted only to half of the pace observed in the fifties. The num73