1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

XI. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION/ THE FLATS", AND THE BUILDINGS OF HOUSING ESTATES

Due to the more children living in a family, there are more occupants in a housing estate flat than in other dwellings. This is compensated by the higher number of rooms, so the occupancy density per one room is lower at housing estates. The proportion of one-room housing estate flats is lower and the proportion of two-room flats is higher in country towns than at Budapest. The proportion of one-room flats is lowest in county towns. The relatively high proportion of one-room housing estate flats at Budapest can be explained by the early start in the building of housing estates (at the end of the forties and beginning of the fifties). At this time the basic priority was the quantitative decrease of the flat shortage due to war damages and to the rapid growth of the population. The size of the occupied housing estate flats by town groups (percentage) Town group Proportion of Town group 1 2 3 4 -X Town group room flats Budapest 14. 6 55. 2 27. 4 2.8 County towns 7. 9 63. 7 25. 9 2. 5 County seats 10. 6 67. 5 19. 6 2. 3 Other towns 10. 7 68.8 18. 5 2. 0 Total 11.5 62.8 23. 3 2.4 The distribution of housing estate flats by floor-space is considerably different from that of other dwellings. The greatest difference is that a higher proportion (44%) of urban housing estate flats is in the 50-59 m^ category, which includes the average flat size, than in the case of other dwelling (18 percent). The other considerable difference is that while at housing estates the proportion of flats larger than 80 m^ is very low (1. 5 percent), this category constitutes a much higher proportion at other places (18 percent). It comes from the floor-space distribution, that the average floor-space per one flat is smaller at housing estates than other places. The average floor-space of housing estate flats is 51 m^ at Budapest and 52 m^ in other towns. (These numbers are 54 and 60 m^ respectively for other flats). 2 2 There is 16 m floor-space per one occupant at the housing estates and 20 m at other places. At the housing estates the proportion of flats with 1 or 2 occupants is lower and the proportion of flats with 3 or 4 occupants is higher than other places. 53 percent of the occupied housing estate flats are state owned tenancy flats, 28 percent are flats in cooperative ownership, 17 percent are private flats, and 2 percent are private dwellings in family houses. In the fifties - with few exceptions - only state owned tenancy flats were built at the housing estates. The proportion of these decreased to 60 percent in the sixties, and to 43-44 percent in the seventies. Parallel with the decrease in the proportion of state owned tenancy flats, there was a rise in the proportion of cooperative flats in the sixties to 31 percent. There was no change in the seventies in this respect, but the proportion of privately owned flats was already considerable (25 percent). At the time of the census the proportion of housing estate flats was 32 percent among state owned tenancy flats, 83 percent among cooperative flats and 44 percent among private flats. (Excluding family house dwellings.) In towns practically all housing estate flats have full-comfort, among non-housing-estate dwellings only 58 percent have full-comfort. In rural towns 36 percent of the dwellings in traditional districts have not any comfort, at Budapest 24 percent have no comfort. There is electricity, piped water, bath room and flush toilet in every housing estate flat, they also have sewerage system and disposal of refuse. The housing estate flats are not fully equipped only because there are places where gas pipes are not yet installed. But housing estate flats are in a more favourable position even in this respect. In rural towns 70 percent of the housing estate flats have gas pipe and only 21 percent of other dwellings have gas pipe. The spread of gas cylinders balanced the gas supply between housing estate flat and other dwellings. The heating of housing estate flats and other dwellings is different: among the former the majority have central heating, among the latter individual heating. At housing estates there is district heating in two thirds of the flats. 155