1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)
IX. THE DEVELOPMENT OF FERTILITY
The fertility of earner married women by social-economic groups Social-economic groups Number of children per 100 married women Social-economic groups 1920 1960 1970 1980 Manual Active earners in agriculture 282 244 a ) 245 237 223 in non-agricultural branches 282 244 a ) 161 170 178 Together 272 203 194 189 Inactive earners 185 185 199 Together 272 202 192 192 Nonmanual 176 121 128 143 Total 266 184 172 174 a)Together with inactive earners and dependants. The changes in the fertility of married women in reproductive age by social-economic groups can be traced since 1960. In the past 20 years the fertility of married women in reproductive age - after a small (4 percent) decrease in 1970 - hardly changed. Within this the fertility of manual married women was practically stagnating, with an insignificant (0.5 percent) decrease, the fertility of nonmanual married women was characterized by a 17 percent increase. The stagnation of the fertility of manuál earner women is different among the agricultural and among the non-agricultural manuals. The fertility of the agricultural married women - despite the small 1.4 percent decrease - is still the highest today. The number of children per 100 active earner married women is still 211 in this group today, which indicates that agricultural manual women incline more even today to rear more children than women employed in other branches of the economy. The fertility of non-agricultural active earner married women showed a 10 percent increase in the past 20 years. If we examine the fertility of active earner married women by age groups we get different results in different social-economic groups. In the agricultural group among the very young (15-19 aged) there was an 8 percent, among the 20-29 aged there was a 20 percent increase, the average number of children was stagnating among the 30-39 aged, while among the 40-49 aged there was a 16 percent decrease, among those beyond the reproductive age there was a 23 percent decrease in the past 20years. In the same time in the non-agricultural group among the women in reproductive age - with the exception of the very young (15-19) whose fertility decreased by 17 percent - there was a slight increase (the increase was highest, 17 percent, among the 20-29 aged). In the case of the nonmanual earner married women increase can be observed in every age group. The only exception are the 40-49 aged, where the average number of children was stagnating (155). The number of children distribution of earner married women in reproductive age by social-economic groups is similar to the national tendency, so in every group the proportion of mothers with two children is the most considerable (42-47 percent), and this proportion increased to the largest extent since 1960. At the same time the proportion of the childless and those with one child decreased among fertility aged manual and nonmanual married women, and the proportion of manual mothers with three children increased. The tendency that agricultural women rear more children than the others holds true also for this group. It is a favourable change in the number of children distribution of nonmanual women, that the proportion of the childless and those with one child decreased since 1960 (by 45 percent and 6 percent respectively), and the proportion of women with two children increased considerably (by 74 percent), but the decrease in the proportion of women with three and four or more children (19 and 69 percent) is a negative phenomenon. The fertility of earner married women in reproductive age by social-economic groups ^percentage) Social-economic year group, Total Number of children Social-economic year group, Total 0 l 2 3 4-X per 100 women Manual Active earner in agriculture 1960 100. 0 11.5 26. 5 31.8 15.1 15. 1 214 in agriculture 1980 100. 0 6.1 20. 0 47.4 17. 5 9. 0 211 in other branches 1960 100. 0 21.8 33. 6 26. 6 10.4 7. 6 156 1980 100. 0 12. 5 27. 2 44. 4 11.3 4. 6 172 Inactive earner 1960 100. 0 27.1 31. 3 22. 9 9.7 9. 0 152 1980 100. 0 1.9 38. 6 43. 1 11.7 4.7 183 Together 1960 100. 0 17.1 30. 3 28. 9 12. 6 11.1 182 Together 1980 100. 0 9.4 28.2 44. 6 12.4 5. 4 181 Nonmanual 1960 100. 0 27.2 39. 1 24. 0 6. 8 2. 9 121 1980 100. 0 15.0 36. 8 41. 8 5. 5 0. 9 141 Total 1960 100. 0 19.7 32. 6 27.7 11.1 8. 9 166 1980 100. 0 11.7 31.7 43. 5 9. 6 3. 5 164 135
