1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

VI. THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DAILY COMMUTING ACTIVE EARNERS

ments where the to Budapest commuters lived in 1980, at the same time more than half of the to Budapest commuters lived at these 43 settlements in 1980. There is another zone including 106 settlements - outside the agglomeration zone - where one third of the to Budapest commuters lived. So 86 percent of the to Budapest commuters lived at 149 settlements which constitute the daily labour force attraction zone of the capital, the 14 percent rest of to Budapest commuters live at 607 settlements. Active earners commuting to Budapest by residence Residence Commuters to Budapest Settlement Residence number (in 1 000) percentage number percentage Daily labour force attraction zone: a) Agglomeration zone 108 52. 6 43 5.7 b) Other settlements of the daily attraction zone 69 33. 6 106 14. 0 a-b) together 177 86. 2 149 19.7 Settlements outside the daily attraction zone 28 13. 9 607 80.3 Total 205 100. 0 7 56 100. 0 The requirements of county towns for not local labour force are different, depending on the extent by which the number of jobs in a given county town exceeds the number of local labour force. In 1980 - similarly to ten years before - the most commuting was directed to Győr, the least to Szeged: 32 percent of the active earners employed at Győr were commuters, this proportion was only 16 percent in Szeged. If we compare the number of commuters in and the number of commuters out we get the balance of commuting; in this respect Miskolc had the highest netto labour force gain (34 thousand) and Pécs had the lowest (10 thousand). The commuting processes of the county towns Denomination Debrecen Győr Miskolc Pécs Szeged Denomination 1970 1980 1970 1980 1970 1980 1970 1980 1970 1980 Local resident 1. active earner (in 1 000) 77 89 53 60 90 102 74 82 77 81 2. out of this commuting (in 1 000) 3 3 1 2 4 5 8 8 4 2 Local employed 3. active earner (in 1 000) 90 110 78 85 118 136 78 92 87 94 4. out of this commuting in (in 1 000) 16 24 26 27 32 39 12 18 14 15 5. The in-commuters in percentage of the local employee 17.4 21.4 33. 5 31. 6 26. 9 28.7 16. 0 19.2 16. 2 16. 2 6. The balance of commuting (in 1 000) 13 21 25 25 28 34 4 10 10 13 The extent of commuting - at county level - depends on the economic structure of the given county, whether it is industrial or agricultural. In addition to this the extent of commuting is also affected by distance from the capital and the spatial distribution of rural industrial plants and, great investments. With regard to our definition of commuting - we consider a person commuter if he crosses the administrative boarder of his residential settlement in order to get to his place of work - the extent of commuting in a given county depends on the number of settlements in the county. In respect of commuting the situation of the county Pest is totally different from other counties. This comes - besides its industrial nature - from its geographical situation; it constitutes the zone around the capital which requires the most labour force. In 1980 more than half (54 percent, 254 thousand) of the active earners living in the county Pest were commuting, in other words one fifth of all commuters lived in this county. In respect of the number of commuters the county Borsod-AbaújZemplén (a county of strongly industrial nature) is at the second place with 115 thousand commuters, 113