Kovacsics József: A történeti statisztika forrásai (Budapest, 1957)

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3eMejib), a 3aieM KopoTKO KacaeTCH nepHo^a, nonbiTKH ynopHßOMeHHH, nocneflOBaBinero 3a neperiHCbK), H cpaKT3 npeKpameHHa paőoTbi; B 33KJiFOMenHe OH H3JiaraeT BO3MO>KHOCTH HCTopHKO-eraTHCTHMecKOH oÖpaőoTKH — B03Mo>KHbie MeTo^bi Hcnojib30BaHHH MaTepna/ia c TOMKH 3peHHH HCTopHKO-SKOHOMHHecKOH reorpacpHH, CBe,fl,eHHH o MeTOAax OÖpaÖOTKH 3eMJlH, 06 061HHHHOH COÖCTBeHHOCTH, O HaeMHOM Tpyfle, 06 06fl33TejlbCTB3X KpenOCTHblX (c 3TOH TOMKH 3peHHJi HacronmaH nepenHCb npeACTaBjineT HaHŐojibuiyio ueHnocTb H3 MHCJia Bcex, HMeioinHxcH B HaiiieM pacnopa>KeHHH). „3ABbITAH CTAPAfl BEHTEPCKAfl FIEPEnHCb — IIJOnPOHCKAfl nEPEríHCb 1848 rOJXA". riepBoe BeHrepcKoe KOHCTHTyuHOHHoe npaBHTcnbCTBO, o6p330B3HHoe B pe3yjibTaTe MapTOBCKoñ peBo.mouHH 1848 ro^a, y>Ke B anpejie 1848 roAa H3Aajio pacnopHJKeHHe o nepenncH Hace^eHHíi ropoßOB, pacnojiararamHx caMoynpaBJieHHeM (T. H. CB060AHWX KopojieBCKHx ropoAOB). 3ra nepenHCb cny>KH.na UCTIHM BbißopoB flenyiaTOB B aAMHHHCTpaiHBHbie H ropoßCKHe opraiibi ynpaBJieHHH. OflHaKO, H3yMeHHe H oÓpaőoTKa opnrHHajibHbix M3TepH3jioB nepenHCH ropofla IUonpoHa, coxpaHHBiuHxca B apxHBe ropo^a, HanÄeHHbix H o6pa6oT3HHbix AJIH CTaTHCTH^ecKOH oueHKH 3BTopoM paöoTbi, no3BOJiHK)T 3arjiHHyTb B ycjioBHH >KH3HH IllonpoHa B 1848 ro^y (3^a H H H , KBapTHpbi, .ceMeñHbie ycnoBHH, Hapo^oHacejieHHe), c nocjieÄHeü TOMKH 3peHH5i ocoŐenHo HHTepecHbi oÖmecTBenHoe paccjToeHHe H pejiHrno3Hoe pa3,ae.neHHe HacejieHHH. (IIIonpoH — ropoÄ Ha 3anaAHOii rpaHHue BeHrpHH, HMeiomnfl öojibiuoe HCTopnMecKoe npouiJioe, B KyjibTypHOM OTHomeHHH ywe MHOTO cmneTHii H3XOAHHI.HHCH Ha BbicoKOM ypoBHe.) AßTop o6pa6oTaJi flaHHbie nepenucn Henocpe^CTBeHuo nepe^ CBoefi KOHMHHOÍÍ, B KOHue 1940 H B Haqajie 1941 rr. HacTonmaa paÔOTa co,n,ep>KHT He nojiHOCTbio 33KOHMeimbiH aHa^H3 AaHHbix, AonojiHenHbiíi H3Jio>KeHHeM OCHOBHHX pe3y;ibTaTOB eme He npoaHajiH3HpoBa H H bi X TaôJiHU, HanÄeHHbix B pyKonHcnx aBTopa. B CTaTHCTHMecKOM oTHoujeHHH nepenHCb HMeeT paß HCAOCTSTKOB. TaK, HanpHMep, npH nepeHHC.aeHHH oT/iejibHbix JIHU B nepenncn npHBOAHTCH pofl 33HHTHH (oômecTBeHHoe nojioKenHe) H ceMefinoe nojioKeHHe jiHiub rjiaBbi ceMbH, B OTHouieHHH }Ke MJICHOB ceMbH H H nu X JIHU, JKHBymHX B ceMbe (Mcnn^n) yKa3tJBaeTCH jiuuib o6m,ee MHCJIO no KBapTHpaM HJIH X03HHCTB3M, 060 BceM JKe HacejieniiH AaeTCH ^Huib MHCjreHHocTb npHHaAJie>KaLUHx K pa3JiHMHbiM BepoHcnoBeflaHHHM, a TaKJKe no KBapTHpaM. Ho, H HecMOTpa Ha ne^ocTaTKH, nepenncb xopomo npoBe^eHa H MOJKeT paccM3TpHB3TbCH, KaK MaTepHaji, noMTH cooTBeTCTBVJOinHH nepenncn HacejieHHH. CpaBHeHHe ee ßaHHbix c pe3yjibTaT3MH Äpyrnx nepennceñ Toro BpeMenH noKa3biBaeT ^ocTOBepHocTb nepenHCH. Bo-nbinoe npeHMymecTBO ee H B TOM, MTO B oTJibMHe ÓT npoKHHx nepenncefl (nofloÔHo nepenncn Hace^eHH«, npoße^eHHOH B 1784 roAy), OHa pacnpocTpanneTCH Ha Bce HacejieHHe, B TOM MHCjie H Ha ABopnH. TaKHM o6pa30M, Haxo>KAeHHe H oÔpaÔOTKa MaTepnaJia nepenncn 6bi.no 6bi Mpe3BbmaHHO noyMHTejibHO H C TOMKH 3peHHH O3H3K0MJICHHH C yCJlOBHHMH APVTHX BCHTepCKHX TOpO^OB B CepeAHHe XIX BeKa. Cor^acHo HHbiM nepenHCH, B nepnoA Me>Kjiy 1785 n 1848 rr. MHCJIO AOMOB B ropo,ae IIIonpoH yBejiHMHJiocb na 17,8%, KBapTnp — na 28,8%, a HacejreHHn — Ha 33,3% (c 12.578 no 16.774 Meji.); TaKHM o6pa30M, pa3BHTHe 6bwo AOBo.'ibHO 3HaMHTejibHbiM H, KaK BHÄHO H3 pocTa AOJiH KpynHbix AOMOB, HOCHJio ropoACKOH xapaKTep. O^HaKO, euj,e H B 1848 ro/iy Ha O^HH ÄOM npnxoflHjiocb B cpeAHeM 4 KBapTnpbi H 18 nyui, a Ha o^Hy KBapTHpy — 4,5 >KHJIbHOB. yMHTbIBaH, MTO ROJlíí KBapTHp C MHCJTOM KOMH3T ÖO.TbUie O^HOft He MOrJia 6bITb OCOÖeHHO ÖO^bUIOH, n/IOTHOCTb HaCe.ieHHH B 3THX KBapTHpaX 6bIJia 3H3MHTeJIbHOH, XOTH H He 3ÖHOpM3^bHOH. CpeflUJIH BCJ1HMHH3 OT^e^bHblX AOM3UIHHX X03HHCTB (ceMeñ) nOflOŐHUM JKe o6pa30M He CHHIHKOM Be.nnKa: na o^Horo rjiaBy ceMbH (OAHO ^oMSUJHee XO3HHCTBO), BKJlK)M3H H T^aBy CeMbH, npHXO^HJlOCb 4,55 MJieHOB CeMbH. MHCJIO H>KAHBeHII,eB Ha CTO 33pa6aTbIBaiOmHX ^OBO^bHO BeJIHKO TO>Ke JIHUJb B OTHOCHTeJlbHOM CMbICJie (OK. 150). Pa3Ae^eHHe Hace^eHnn no po^y 33HHTHH (no oTpscnnM 3KOHOMHKH) aoBOJibno onpe^ejieHHO HÖCHT ropo/iCKOH xapaKTep: OKOJIO 35% Hace^eHHH 6bMo 3aH«To B npoMbiuj^eiiHOCTH H Ha luaxTax, 8% — B ToproB^e H na TpaHcnopTe, 11% npHHaflJiejKajio K MHc.iy paőoTHHKOB rocvAapcTBeHHbix yMpeKfleHHH H paőoTHHKOB CBoöo^Hbix npocpeccHH. KpecTbHHCKoe >Ke Hace/ieHHe cocTaBJin^o 20%, a c npHcoe/iH He H ne M noaenmHKOB H M3CTH B^a^ejibneB ÄOMOB — OKO.NO 30%. Ho no poAaM 33HHTHH H, MSCTHMHO, no psiioHSM ropo^a Bce STH cpeAnne UH(})pbI H nponeHTHbie ^aHUbie CKJia^blBSJIHCb p33.nHMIIbIM o6p330M. npH T3KOM COCTaBe HacejieHHH IIIonpoH y>Ke B 1848 ro^y npHHa/yie>Ka.n K MHCJiy BenrepcKHX nocejicHHH, B cpaBHHTejJbHO Öo^biuoH CTeneHH HOCHBHJHX ropoACKoft xapsKTep.