Kovacsics József: A történeti statisztika forrásai (Budapest, 1957)

Orosz nyelvű összefoglaló

Hajior, onpeAeJiHJio pa3Mepbi npHHSAJieJKHOCTeñ H3A6JIOB KpenoCTHbix H yperyjiHpoBajio HHbie Bonpocbi OTHomeHHH Me«íAy noMem,HKOM H KpenoCTHbiM. B xo/;e yperyjiHpoBaHHa 6apm,HHbi B KaiKflOM OTAejibHOM HacejieHHOM nyHKTe, noAJieJKaBiueM yperyjmpoBaHHio, cocTaBjiHJiHCb noApoÔHbie CBeAeHHa B uejiax ycTaHOBJieHHa AeñcTBOBaBiHHx MecTHbix 6apüj,HHHbix ycJioBHñ H yTBepJKAeHHa HOBoro nojioJKeHHH, co3AaBuierocfl B pe3yjibTaTe yperyjiHpoBaHHH. 3TH CBeAeHHa noMTH nojiHocTbio coxpaHHJiHCb B apxHBe BeHrepcKoro KopoJieBCKoro HaMecTHHiecKoro coBeTa. (3Aecb HMeioTca: OTBeTbi KpenocTHbix Ha ACBSTB BonpocoB oTHocHTejibHo ycjioBHH 6apm,HHbi, npeABapHTejibHbie 6apmHHHbie nepenncn, HaxoAHBuineca B pynax KpenocTHbix nepenncn o HeyAejibHbix 3eMJiax — BHHorpsAHHKax, BbipyÔKax, — HOBbie, eAHHbie, HO AonojiHeHHbie MecTHbiMH CBeAeHHHMH ypôapHH H npncoeAHHeHHbie K HHM 6apm,HHHbie TaèjiHHbi c yK333HHeM JIHMHHX AaHHbix o BbinojiHaiomeM 6apmHHy, a TaKíKe cooômeHHH o BBeAeHHH HOBHX ypóapneB H CBOAHbie KOMHTaTCKHe AaHHbie.) LJ,eHHOCTb HX C TOMKH 3peHHa CT3THCTHKH BecbMa 3HaMHTejibHa. 3a AOJirne roAbi cymecTBOBaHHa 6apm,HHbi ypery/iHpoBaHHe, npoBeAenHoe no yKa3y MapHH Tepe3HH, 6HJIO eAHHCTBeHHbiM cjiyMaeM, KorAa noMTH OAHOBpeiweHHO (c 1767 no 1774 rr.), no eAHHbiM yCTaH0BK3M, MOJKHO CKa33Tb, BO BCeñ CTp3He ÔbIJIH yMTeHbl CBeAÊHHa, K3CaBUJHeca 6apiu,HHbi. MsTepnajibi oôcjieAOBa H H H Boo6w,e MOÍKHO Ha3B3Tb TmaiejibHO cocT3BJieHHbiMH H HSACJKHblMH. B HHX MOJKHO H3HTH MHOrHe CBeAeHHH B OTHOUieHHH, rJISBHblH o6p330M, K0JIHMCCTB3 KpecTbaHCTBS, JKHBymero B ycjioBHax 6apm,HHbi, ero HannoHajibHocTH, HMymecTBeHHoro H npaBOBoro psccjioeHHa, KOJiHMecTB3 Hiueroinenca B ero pynsx 3eMJin, nepecejieHHH KpecTbaHCTBs, oTpscjieft, MeTOAOB H CTeneHH p33BHTHa HX xo3añcTB; KpoMe Toro, OHH MoryT ôbiTb Hcnojib30B3Hbi H AJia BbiMHCJieHHa pa3MepoB noMecTHH KaíKAoro noMemHKa, o6pa63TbiBaeMbix Ha ycjioBHax óapmHHbi. 3TOT óoraTbiñ CTaTHCTHMecKHñ M3TepH3Ji, ncnojib3yeM0CTb KOToporo noK33biB3ioT H TaÓJiHHbi AaHHbix, noMemeHHbie B AaHHoñ pa6oTe, AO CHX nop eme He npnBJieK K ce6e BHHMSHHH, KSKOTO 3acjiyjKHBaji 6bi no CBoeñ 3H3MHTejibHOCTH. BbIJIO 6bl JKejI3TeJIbHO, MTOÔbl B ÓyAymeM HCCJieAOBSTeJIH HCTOpHMeCKOH CT3THCTHKH 33HHM3JIHCB HM B ôojibmeH, MeM AO CHX nop, Mepe. ,,nEPEnHCb HACEJIEHHJI 1784/85 rr. H VHET HAPOAOHACEJIEHHfl HA 3TOH OCHOBE". ITpouecc nepenHCH HacejieHHa npH Hocncpe II-OM, ocHOBSTejibHO pa3psôoTaHHOH A-poM TycTaBOM TnppHHroM, COCTOHJI H3 nepenncn HscejieHHa 1784/85 rr. H peBH3HH yqeia HapoAOHacejieHHa, npoBeAeHHoñ B nojieAyfomne ABa roAa. BaJKHeñniHe xap3KTepHbie MepTbi nepenncn HacejieHHa 1784/85 rr. AaioT BOSMOJKHOCTB npHpaBHHTb 3Ty nepenncb K coBpeMeHHbiM. CaMoe Sojibuioe AocTHHíeHHe STOH nepenncn B TOM, MTO B Hefi ocymeCTBjieHbi TpeôoBaHHa yHHBepcajibHocTH, TO ecTb BnepBbie B BeHrpHii óbijio nepenncaHo Bce HacejieHHe, BKJIIOMSH H ABOPHHCTBO, H ôeAHeHuiHe CJIOH HapoAa. riepenncb npoBOAHJiacb cnncoMHbiM MeTOAOM, c yneTOM KaJKAoro OTAeJibHoro jiHua, H ycnex ee oôecneHHBajica aocojuoTHCTCKoñ rocyAapcTBeHHoñ BJiacTbio, KOTopaa no OTHOuieHHio K conpoTHBJiaBuiHMca ABOpaHaM npHMeHHJia Aa^fe BoeHHyK> CHjiy. nepenncb HsceJieHHH HMejia JiHuib ABa cymecTBeHHbix HeAOCTâTKa: 1. coôpaHHbie AaHHbie He oTHOCHJincb K OAHOMy nepnoAy; 2. BoeHHbie MOMCHTM ÔHJIH CJIHHJKOM BbiABHHyTM Ha nepeAHHH njiaH, TSK MTO OTHOCHTejIbHO JKeHIH,HH MOJKHO yCT3HOBHTb JIHUJb HX MHCJieHHOCTb; Aa H MaCTb, OTHOcamsaca K oôpaôoTKe AaHHbix, TO>üe He coBepmeHHa. MaTepnaji nepenHCH MOÍKHO B OCHOBHOM pa3AeJiHTb Ha TpH rpynnbi: 1. AeMorpa<pHMecKHe Bonpocbi (noji, B03pacT, KJiaccoBoe pa3AeJieHHe, poA 33HaTHH, ceMeñHoe nojiojKeHHe); 2. MacTb, cjiyjK3in,yK) AJia oópsooTKH; 3. Bonpocbi, KacaiomHeca oTcyTCTByiomHx, a TaKíKe npHe3JKHX, HaxoAamHxca B AaHHOM HacejieHHOM nyHKTe. AaHHbie nepenncn 6HJIH yAocTOBepeHbi AaHHbiMH P&BH3HH 1786 H 1787 rr. CpeAH STHX AaHHbix K MHCJiy HaHÓojiee BancHbix npHHSAJieJKST AaHHbie o MHCJieHHocTH HscejieHHa, KOTopoe B 1787 roAy B BeHrpHH cocTaBJiajio 6.468.000 Me.ioBeK, B TpsHCHJibBSHHH — 1.441.000, B XopBaTHH-CjiaBOHHH — 647.000 qejioBeK. BiíecTe c npH6jiH3HTejibHbiM MHCJIOM H3ce.neHHa B norpaHHMHbix pañoHax H BoeHHOCJiy»caui,HMH Bce HacejieHHe crpsHbi MOJKHO OUeHHTb B 9,4 MJIH MejIOBeK. MHCJieHHOCTb HacejieHHH 1787 TOAS aBJiaeTca npenpacHoñ OCHOBOH AJIH SKorpsnojiauHH, KacaiomHxca ycT3HOBjieHHa MHCJI6HHOCTH HacejieHHa B HaM3jie XVIII B. HcxoAa H3 pa3JiHMHbix AaHHbix o npeAnojiaraeMOH MHCJieHHocTH HacejieHHa B 1721 roAy, (TSÓJIHUM Jsíe 1 H JVo 2), 3BTop AeJiseT nonbiTKy ycTaHOBHTb MHCJieHHOCTb HacejieHHa H3 OCHOBe cjieAyromeñ (popMyjibi: a

n = % (1 + x)n-i + m (1 + s)»"

1 —1 f X B KOTopoñ a = MHCJIO Ayui B HaM3jie nepnoA3, a

n = MHCJIO Aym B KOHue nepnoAa, x = COOT-