Kovacsics József: A történeti statisztika forrásai (Budapest, 1957)
Orosz nyelvű összefoglaló
yaejibHbie — 3eMJiH, JKHBymee T3M Hapc-AOHacejieHHe, njiaT5mj.ee noiviemHKy öapuiHHy, a TaKJKe AoxoAbi c noMecTbíi n JKHTejiefi; Bee STO yqHTbiBajiocb B BCAOMOCTHX C TOÖ nejibio, HTOÖH oÖJier^HTb noMem,HKaM nojib30BaHne nx npaBaMH Ha 3eMJiio, HapoA H AoxoAbi. KopHH eBponeflCKHX ypöapneB OTHOCHTCH eme K nepnoAy PHMCKOH HMnepHH. KaK yxie cfpopMHpoBaBuiHHCH THn nepenHCH, ypöapnö noHBjiaeTCH nocjie yKpenjieHHH (peoA3jiH3Ma: B UeHTpajibHofi EBpone — B XII B., B BeHrpHH — B Konue XV B. JXO 3Toro y Hac AaHHbie, KacaBUiHeca noMecTHft, HX HapoAOHacejieHHH H BbinoJiHHeMwx HM oÖH3aTejibCTBax coAep>KajiHCb B /japcTBeHHbix H BHKynHbix rpaMOTax, 3aBem,aHHHx, nepenHcnx, corjiameHHHX, npnroBopHbix nHCbMax, cnncKax. B XVI—XVII BB. ypőapnH pacnpoerpaHHK)TCH no Bceö CTpaHe H cymeerByioT AO npeKpameHHH 6apm,HHbi (A° cepeAHHbi XIX B.). Booöme HX cocTaBJiHioT ynpaBjiHiom,He, 3HahOMbie c MeerHbiMH ycjioBHHMH, no yK333HHHM noiweniHKa, HO npn cocTSBJieHHH AOJI^ÍHU npHcyTCTBOBaTb H npeACT3BHTejiH csMoynpsBJieHHH ABTOP paöoTH H3JiaraeT no rpynnsM BOhpocoB CBeAeHHH, coAep>Kam,HecH B ypőapHflx H npHTOAHbie AJIH HCnOJIb30B3HHH CT3THCTHKOH. 3T0 CJieAyK>IHHe CBeAeHHH: HMeH3 speHAaTOpOB nOMeUIHHbHX 3eMejIb, HX KOJIHqeCTBO, 3CMJIH, OCOÖbie 33HHTHH H npSBOBbie OTHOUieHHH, OÖCTOHTeJIbCTBS JKH3HH, HCTOpHHeCKHe COÖblTHH A3HH0r0 HacejieHHoro nyHKTa, A6TH, norojiOBbe CKOTS, OTpacJiH npoH3BOACTB3, pscnojioKeHHe 3eMejibHoro yqscTKa H ycjioBHH BeAeHHH X03HHCTB3, AeHOKHbie H H3Typ3JIbHbie n0CT3BKH, UlTp3(pbI, oapHIHHa, 3A3HHH nOMeUJ,HHbHX XyTOpOB, HX OŐOpyAOB3HHe, CKOT, OTp3CJIH np0H3B0ACTB3, ypO>K3H, 3 T3KJKe HHbie AOXOAH. K ypöspHHM He pa3 npnjiaraiOTCH HHBeHTapHbie onHCH H oueHOMHbie cnHCKH, KOTOpbie COAepJKaT, KOHeHHO, MHO/KeCTBO AaHHblX HeCT3THCTHHeCKOro X3p3KTep3. Tnnu ypöapHeB B xoAe CTOJieTHö nocTOHHHo H3MeHHjiHCb: c pacnpoCTpaHeHHeM npoH3BOACTBa H noBbimeHHeM erő HHT6HCHBHOCTH OHH CTaHOBHJiHCb Bee öojiee noApoÖHbiMH, TOHHblMH H CHCTeM3THHHbIMH. B CT3Tbe pa3ÖHpaeTCH HeCKOJIbKO T3KHX THnOB; K3K nepejiOMHbifl MOMeHT, 3BTop BbiAejiHeT KOHeu. XVI B.: c Tex nop B ypöspHHX nepeqncjiHJiCH CKOT, HTO qepe3 HecKOJibKO JieT npHBejio K ccpopMHpoB3HHio TaöjiHHHbix ypöapneB. CJieAyiom,HH nepejiOMHbiö MOMeHT — KOHeu XVII B.: na TeppnTopHHX, oCBoöojKAeHHbix OT TypoK, no yKa3y K33HU no CAHHUM yCTSHOBKaM OMJIH npoBeAeHbi TOHHbie nepenncn. H, H3KOHeu, ynopHAoneHne öapmHHbi, npoBOAHBUieecH c 1767 roAa, npHBejio K era6HJiH3auHH nepennceö no Bceö crpaHe. JI.O H3UierO BpeMeHH C0Xp3HHJI0Cb HeCKOJIbKO TbICHH yp63pHeB,K3C3K3m,HXCH TeppHTOpHH CTpaHbl, HO B TO JKQ BpeMH AO ynopflAOieHHH ÖapuiHHbl ypŐapHH O HHX CBH33HHbIX Apyr c ApyroM TeppnTopHHX B npeAejiax OAHoro noMecTbH cocTaBJinjjHCb oneHb peAKO. ypÖapHH, KaK HCTOHHHKH AJIH HCTOpHHeCKOH CT3THCTHKH, CpeAH BCeX nOAOÖHHX HCTOHHHKOB nepHOA3 TypeUKOrO BJISAblHeCTBa npeACT3BJIHIOT HSHŐOJIbUiyiO H,eHHOCTb. MeTOAaMH HCTOpHHeCKOH CTSTHCTHKH no 3THM ypőapHHM qaCTO MOJKHO OnpeAeJIHTb HHCJIO JKHTejieü oTAejibHbix TeppHTopHÖ, njioTHocTb HacejieHHH, eerecTBeHHbiH npnpocT; B HHX pa3BeTbiBaiOTCH AaHHbie o nepecejieHHH, rnöejiH, KOHTHHyHnHH, o nocejieHHH B ropoAax, o HauHOHajibHOM pa3AejieHHH, KSTeropnn p33MepoB 3eMejibHbix BJISABHHH, oőopoT 3eMeJibHbix BJiaAeiiHH, HMymeerBeHHoe, npaBOBoe, oőmecTBeHHoe psccjioeHHe KpecTbHHCTB3, pa3AeJieHHe ero no pOAy 33HHTHÖ H BeCbM3 nOApOÖHSH CT3THCTHHCCK3H K3pTHH3 TorA3iHHero cejibCKoro X03HÖCTB3, a TaK«te KapTHHa HajioroB H nocT3BOK. npOMbiiujieHH3H CT3THCTHK3, CT3THCTHK3 AeHeJKHOrO OÖOpOTa, U,eH H TOprOBJIH, yrOJIOBHaH CT3THCTHK3, CT3THCTHK3 3Ap3B00Xp3HeHHH, KyjIbTypbl, yqeT3 3A3HHÖ H HCTOpHH H3MepeHHH TSKMCe MoryT H3ÖTH B 3THX ypőspHHX őojiee HJIH MeHee HHTepeCHbie M3TepH3Jibi AJIH ce6H. B 33KJIOK)HeHHe 3BTOp pSÖOTbl npHBOAHT npHMepbl HCnOJIb30B3HHH CBeAeHHH ypÓSpHCB B SKOHOMHKO-HCTOpHHeCKOH CTSTHCTHKe. „nEPEFIHCb 1715—1720 rr". OöinerocyAapcTBeHHbie HajioroBbie nepenncn 1715 H 1720 rr., B KOTOpux BnepBbie nocjie ocBoöoJKAeHHH OT TypeuKoro BJi3AbiqecTB3 6HJIO yqTeHO HscejieHne CTpaHbi, HBJIHIOTCH xopouio H3BecTHbiMH, HSCTO HcnoJib3yeMbiMH H qpe3Bbiq3ÖH0 uenHbiMH HCTOHHHKSMH BeHrepCKOfi HCTopnorpscpuH. Hx AaHHbie CTSJIH o6m,eH3BeciHbiMH 6ji3roA3pn IleHTpsJibHOMy CTSTHCTHqeCKOMy ynpsBjieHHio, KOTopoe pa3pa6oTajio ocHOBHbie ASHHbie H H3A3JI0 B 1896 roAy noA 33rojiOBKOM „HspoAOHacejieHHe BeHrpHH B snoxy riparM3THKa CSHKUHO, 1720—2J rr". Bee noAJie»caui,He. UHcppoBofl oöpaöoTKe AaHHoie onyÖJiHKOBaHbi B xopouio o6o3pHMbix T3ÖJIHU3X. flo K0MHT3T3M H CeJ13M nOKa3aHO HHCJIO nepenHCSHHblX H nOAJIOK3IIIHX H3JioroOÖJIO^íeHHK) X03HHCTB B COOTBeTCTBHH C OŐUieCTBeHHblM p33AeJieHHeM. a oöpsöaTbiBaeMaH HMH 3eMejibHaH njiom,3Ab — no OTpacjinin npoH3BOACTBa, n0K333H0 laKxe HHCJIO MejibHHU, 3 T3KHte AOXOAbI X03HHCTB OT npOMbICJI3 H TOprOBJIH. H3 OCHOBe KB3JIH(pHKanHH ÍI3bIKOBOH CpOpMbl HMeH ŐblJia CAeJI3H3 nonbITK3 yCTaHOBHTb H H3UH0H3JIbH0CTb HapoAOHacejieHHH OnyöjiHKOBaHHbiö MaTepnsji He Mor pscnpocTpSHHTbca H3 Apyrne, TeKCTOBbie HSCTH nepenHCeÖ, B KOTOpbIX HMeiOTCH 33nHCH, K3C3K>U3,HeCH ypOJKSÖHOCTH, K3HeCTB3 3CMJIH,