Dr. Éva Murai szerk.: Miscellanea Zoologica Hungarica 4. 1987 (Budapest, 1987)
Raina, M. K., Sey, O.; Khan, M. D.: Paramphistomes (Trematoda: Amphistomida) of domestic ruminants in Kashmir, India
minants in Kashmir on the basis of histomorphological details of muscular organs. The present paper also includes for the first time the paramphistomes of bovines of Kashmir. MATERIAL AND METHOD Paramphistomes were directly picked up from the rumina of domestic ruminants and fixed in 70 % ethanol. They were given a rinse in 70 % ethanol to remove any attached debris and preserved in fresh 70% ethanol. The collections from sheep and goats were made from different slaughter houses located in Srinagar, Pulwama, Anantnagh, Verinagh, Tral and Pattan. The collections from bovines were made with a great difficulty because regular slaughtering of bovines is not a common practice in Kashmir. They were collected from some cattle and buffaloes, particularly in the towns of Tral, Pattan, Baramula and Sopore. In all thirty-five samples were procured during January to the end of October, 1986 (12 samples from sheep; 12 from cattle; seven from buffaloes and four from goat). Histomorphological preparations were made by the usual methods and the work was finally completed in the Department of Zoology, Janus Pannonius University of Pécs during the winter of 1986-87, when the first author was on an official visit to Hungary. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Eleven different species of paramphistomes, belonging to five different genera were identified in the present samples. Of these, nine are new to Kashmir. As earlier authors have not given the histomorphological details of the muscular organs, we present the histomorphological characters of all including those which are already known from Kashmir, as follows: Paramphistom u m epi clitum Fischoeder, 1904 (Fig. 1) This species is being reported for the first time from Kashmir and in all sixteen samples contained this species (cattle=9, sheep=3, goat=2 and buffalo=2). In the present collection it was observed to be the third most common paramhphistome in Kashmir. This species is characterised by a Calicophoron type of pharynx (Sensu DINNIK, 1964: = Paramphistomum type of NÄSMARK, 1937). Middle circular layer of muscles, in addition to the outer and inner ones was noted in the median sagittal sections of the pharynx. A few small papillae are present in the anterior region of the pharynx. The acetabulum is of a Paramphistomum type (Sensu NÄSMARK, 1937, EDUARDO, 1982) and the various muscle units noted in the present study are: D. C. E. 1 = 20-35; D. E. C. 2 = 20-40; the former being larger than the latter; D. I. C. = 45-72; V. E. C. = 14-30; V. I. C. = 65-70; M. E. C. = 13-16. The genital opening is of the Epiclitum type (Fig. 1), without a true genital sucker. Pars prostatica is very well marked and wide, surrounded by a large number of prostate gland cells in rows. Legend to figures Figs 1-18. Median sagittal sections of amphistomids Fig. 1. Paramphistomum epiclitum (genital opening) Figs 2-3. Calicophoron calicphorum (2= dorsal half of acetabulum, 3= genital opening) Fig. 4. C. papillosum (genital opening). Figs 5-6. Orthocoelium dicranocoelium (5= pharynx, 6= genital opening) Figs 7-9. O. dinniki (7= dorsal half of acetabulum, 8= ventral half of acetabulum, 9= genital opening) Figs 10-11. O. gigantopharynx (10= pharynx, 11= genital opening) Figs 12-13. O. indonesiense (12= ventral half of acetabulum, 13= genital opening) Figs 14-15. Olveria indica (14= genital opening, 15= dorsal half of acetabulum) Figs 16-18. Gastrothylax compressus (16= pharynx, 17= dorsal half of acetabulum, 18= genital opening)
