Dr. Éva Murai szerk.: Miscellanea Zoologica Hungarica 4. 1987 (Budapest, 1987)

Stifter, P.: Ilyocryptus verrucosus Daday, 1905: a junior synonym of I. spinifer Herrick, 1882 (Crustacea: Cladocera)

6. I. spinifer Herrick, 1882, one sexual female and three parthenogenetic females on two slides, Trinidad, label destroyed, 1979, leg. T. GOPEE. 7. I. spinifer Herrick, 1882, sexual female on slide, Sri Lanka, Hungama, Mulanawewa (small lake), 14.2. 1980, leg. R. RAJA PAKSA. 8. I. spinifer Herrick, 1882, three ephippia on slide, Sri Lanka, Marawila (pond), 5. 5. 1973, leg. C.H. FERNANDO. 9. I. spinifer Herrick, 1882, two sexual females on slide, Zambia, Middle Kafue region, Ngoma, 21.4.1965 (No. 11533), leg. J.J. SYMOENS. 5-9: slides are deposited in Dr. V. KORINEK's collection, Dept. of Parasitology and Hydrobiology, Charles University, Prague, Czechoslovakia. Methods Selected specimens were stained with a mixture of lignin pink and chlorazol black E in ethylene glycol (BRANDLOVA et al„ 1972) and mounted in Canada balsam, and some specimens were mounted in polyvinyl alcohol (SMIRNOV, 1976) stained by lignin pink. Animals were measured and figured using a Biolar binocular microscope (made in Poland). The scale on the figures equals 0.05 mm, RESULTS 1, Comparison of I. verrucosus Daday, 190 5 with the sexual females of I. spinifer Herrick, 1882 In the original description DADAY (1905) wrote about the relationships between the new species I. verrucosus and others: (p. 192) "... Von den bisher bekannten Arten der Gattung steht die neue Art am nächsten zu Iliocryptus Halyi Brad., dem sie durch die Struktur des Postabdomens, sowie des ersten und zweiten Antennenpaares gleicht; sich aber durch die Struktur der Schale nicht nur von dieser, sondern auch von allen übrigen Arten der Gattung wesentlich unterscheidet. " DADAY mentioned that the characters antennula, antenna and postabdomen are similar to those of I. halyi (a junior synonym of I. spinifer Herrick, 1882). On the contrary, the hollowed surface of the valves (= granulation) is said to be the specific character of the species I. verrucosus Daday, 1905. In the present study of Daday's material from Paraguay (I. verrucosus) and the sexual females of I. spinifer from Trinidad, it is shown that neither populations can be distinguished by using the morphology of the antennule, the antenna, the postabdomen and the defensive posterior spines on the shell margin. These characters are depicted (Figs 1-5). Both populations are identical in further two characters: the granulation of the shell (Figs 6-8) and onelayered carapace. These two characters are typical for the sexual female. One-layered carapace is the result of perfect molting before sexual reproduction (there are two species, I. acutifrons and I. agilis in which perfect moulting is typical for the whole life). The granulated carapace surface is specific for the ephippium of the genus Ilyocryptus (CHIRKOVA and MAKRUSHIN, 1982). Similarity or identity of all these characters is a reason why the species 1. verrucosus Daday, 190 5 is synonymized with I. spinifer Herrick, 1882 as its junior synonym. DADAY (1905) listed the localities of I. verrucosus as Paraguay, Asuncion: Campo Grande, Calle de la Canada. It is interesting that Daday identified also the parthenogenetic females of I. halyi (= I. spinifer

) from the same localities. We can assume that Daday sorted the population of I. spinifer into two groups. The first group (parthenogenetic females) he identifie as I. Halyi (= I. spinifer

) and the second group (sexual females) was described as a new species I. verrucosus. 2. Ephippium of the South American I. spinifer a) Description (Figs 6-8) The ephippium is produced by the shell of the female before sexual reproduction. Reticulations are distinct around the centre of the ephippium where areas of cells are slightly de-