Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 36/2. (2016)
Elena Ploşniţă: Despre Cultul Eroilor în Basarabia interbelică
Marisia XXXVI Despre Cultui Eroilorín Basarabia interbelicä Elena PLO^NIJÄ About the Cult of heroes in Basarabia between the Two World Wars Abstract The article deals with the process of institutionalizing and promoting the cult of heroes and its role in the creation of collective memory in Bessarabia in the interwar period. The area of study covers only the manifestation of this cult embodied in various monuments, its effects, to the extent that the archive documents allowed the author to do so. In Bessarabia, as well as throughout the country, since 1918 there was the campaign for the construction of monuments and installing memorial plaques dedicated to war heroes, to those who fought for the achievement of the national ideal. The cult of heroes was of great importance in strengthening the national unitary state. In Bessarabia this cult was perceived and promoted as a way to spiritual unity of Romanians everywhere, commemorating those who died for the unification of the Romanian nation. It helped to strengthen local multiethnic communities and served as impetus to create private and public collections devoted to the heroes of the First World War. Large and small monuments dedicated to heroes of the Great War have been erected in many localities of the province. Some of them were saved and used for the benefit of society, but most of these monuments were destroyed during the Soviet regime, remaining only in archival documents. Cuvinte cheie: cultul eroilor, memorie colectivä, unitate spiritual, monumente Key words: cult of heroes, collective memory, spiritual unity, monuments ín reformarea socialä §i dezvoltarea economicá a Romániei ín perioada 1918- 1940 un rol aparte a avut cultura nafionalä. ín articolul de fa|ä nu vom insista asupra locului §i rolului culturii Tn dezvoltarea societätii romäne§ti, nu vom face о radiografie a institujiilor culturale existente in aceastä perioadä. interesül nostru se indreaptä spre modul Tn care Tn Basarabia interbelicä a fost institu|ionalizat §i promovat cultul eroilor §i care a fost rolul acestui cult patriotic ín crearea unei mentalitás colective. Aria investiga|iilor noastre cuprinde doar exprimärile acestui cult concretizate in diverse monumente, efectele lui, in mäsura in care documentele de arhivä ne vor ajuta. In Basarabia ca §i in intreaga farä, dupä 1918, s-а desfä§urat о adeväratä campanie de construcfii de monumente, cenotafe, pläci comemorative, statui inchinate eroilor de räzboi, celor ce au luptat pentru indeplinirea idealului national. Monumente mari §i mici, consacrate eroilor Primului Räzboi Mondial au fost ridicate ín multe localitäfi ale provinciei. О statisticä efectuatä de Ministerul Cultelor §i Artelor, in anul 1937, ne argumenteazä acest fapt. Ne vom referi la unele monumente din judetele Basarabiei care au fost realizate in perioada interbelicä, unele din ele salvate §i valorificate ín interes public, iar altele, marea majoritate, rámase doar in memoria documentelor de arhivä. Scopul cultului eroilor era sensibilizarea sentimentului de solidaritate spirituálé a intregului neam románesc. ín 1919 este creatá societatea „Mormintele eroilor” care din 1927 se va numi „Cultul eroilor”. Cultul eroilor in aceastä perioadä a fost ridicat la nivei de stat. Astfel, „ín perioada imediat postbelicá, cultul eroilor, susjinut mai intäi din initiativa particulará a 121
