Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 36/1. (2016)
Zoology
Zaharia NECULISEANU collected 100 carabids species, 14% of wich (of the total catch) constituted species of the tribe Pterostichini. From 14 species of this tribe recorded in Refuge, 13 are native species, which are well known in the North America and one species is adventive Pterosticbus melanarius, introduced from Palaearctic. This adventive species was first recorded in North America in 1926 in Nova Scotia (Lindroth, 1966). This species is known in 13 states of USA, in America North of Mexico distributed in 26 geographical entities (Downie & Arnet, 1996). Pt. melanarius introduced to North America has a wider distribution, but it is more frequently throughout the northern states and Canada. (Bousquet & Larochelle, 1993). The adults of this species was collected by author in pitfall traps in the autumn. This eurytopic species overwinter as larva, seldom as adult (Lindroth, 1961; 1992; Hurka, 1975; Tomlin, 1975; Sharova, 1981; Bousquet, 1999; Neculiseanu, 2003a, 2003b, 2013a, 2013b; Matalin, 2006). Some authors demonstrated that it mainly prefers open habitat, is well adopted to agricultural field conditions and is abundant in many agricultural fields (Kryzhanovskij, 1983; Shelton, et al. 1983; Chiverton, 1984; Lovei, 1984, Karpova, 1986, Desender & Alderweireldt, 1988; Matalin, 1992; Hendrix, 2006, et al). It was also confirmed by some authors that this species occur in the forests (Georgii, 1986; Sergeeva & Gruntal, 1990; Varvara & Zugravu, 2004) and in the gardens too (Hagley & Allen, 1988; Goulet et al. 2004;). Other authors showed that this species is caught either from agricultural habitats or from forests (Medvedev & Shapiro, 1957; Neculiseanu, 1991; Neculiseanu & Matalin, 2000; Matalin, 2006; New, 2007). In this work we were presented the pterostichini fauna and describe in detail the biology of some species: mating, oviposition periods, fecundity, the development period from eggs to adults, adult longevity, duration of each immature stage (egg-, larval-, pupal- stages), voltinism etc. Behaviour observation and ecological data as feeding, cannibalism, predation were also describe for some species. Materials and methods The studies were carried out in the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge (JBWR) which is located in Queens, within the limits of New York City (Fig. 1: map). JBWR is one of the most important urban wildlife refuges in the United States, and is the largest bird sanctuary in the northeastern United States. Considered nationally and internationally area this refuge also is renowned as a prime birding spot where thousands of water, land and shorebirds stop during migration. The Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge was initially “created” and managed by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. In 1951, the landscape of the Wildlife Refuge underwent a major change when then Park Commissioner Robert Moses ordered the creation of two large fresh water ponds, East Pond (100 acres) and West Pond (45 acres), which are still major features of the park today. In 1953 Park Department employee Herbert Johnson was transferred to the site and became the first refuge manager. To provide year-round food and shelter, under his capable supervision and dedication, were planted trees, shrubs and grasses and thus, the barren landscape was transformed into a paradise for birds and other wildlife. In 1972, the city transferred ownership of the Wildlife Refuge to the National Park Service, and the site became part of Gateway National Recreation Area. Encompassing 9,155 acres (20 square miles), it is comprised of diverse habitats including open fields, shrub thickets and developing woodlands, wet meadows and salt marsh, several fresh and brackish water ponds and an open expance of bay and islands. The refuge was managed to provide a variety of habitats for a wide variety of marine and terrestrial plants and animals. The refuge is also productive for the now rare native flora and fauna of the coastal areas. More than 325 species of birds have been recorded here during the last 25 years. Some authors showed that Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, the only wildlife refuge 66
