Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 35/2. (2015)
Botany
Andreea Natalia MATEI up to 6 mm long; the pappus is sordid brown, slightly longer than achens. It is usually blooming starting from July till end of August. [26] fig. 1. Materials and methods For the accomplishment of this work were used journals, publications, national and international specialized websites. To achieve the aim of this paper, were performed: presentation of Ligularia genus distribution, identification of the species number for each country and the occupied area [8], [9], [12], [15], [16], [19], [22], [23], [33], [35]; the economic importance of Ligularia genus [14], [36]; presentation of Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass, species chorology in Asia and the occupied areas [14], [19], [22], [23], [35]; the relict distribution in Europe [7], [10], [11], [13], [14], [24], [25], [27], [32], [34]; Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass, in Romania [1], [2], [3], [5], [6], [7], [17], [18], [21], [26], [28], [30], [31], [32]; legislation that protects the taxon, contributing to its preservation [3], [4], [5], [7], [17], [19], [29]. The abbreviations used in text are: AG - Arge?, BV - Bra?ov, CE - Critically Endangered, CJ — Cluj, CV - Covasna, DB - Dámbovfia, DD — Data Deficient, HD - Hunedoara, HR — Harghita, IUCN — International Union of Conservation of Nature, MM — Maramure?, NT — Neamy PH — Prahova, SV - Suceava, VL - Válcea. Results and discussion Ligularia genus Ligularia genus includes about 140 species spread in the temperate zones from Asia and Europe; in Europe there are two of these species: Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass, and Ligularia glauca (L.) O. Hoffm. The distribution of the genus Ligularia varies by area, being found on the river valleys, on the banks of lakes, eutrophic marshes, peatbogs, wet and swampy meadows, sometimes salted, in humid forests, at the edges of woods, forest glades, on the rocky slopes and scree in the alpine zone. The altitudes were the species can be found, varies from 100 m in Northen Asia to 4800 m in the rest of the mainland. Ecological conditions and the altitude cause an increased variability in the height of species, these measuring from 5 cm on the rocky slopes and screes from the alpine zone, reaching up to 200 cm on the valleys of the rivers, eutrophic marshes, forest understories, grasslands etc. The species belonging to Ligularia genus from Asia are distributed within 22 states, listed in a descending order, from the country with the more existing species to the those with less species, as follows: China (123 sp.), Russia (38 sp.), Nepal (10 sp.), Japan and South Korea (9 sp), India (8 sp.), Kazakhstan (7 sp.), Bhutan, Mongolia and Kirghistan (6 sp.), Tadjikistan and Pakistan (4 sp.), Myanmar, Taiwan and Uzbekistan (3 sp.), Afghanistan and Vietnam (2 sp.), Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Turcia (1 sp.). China is the country with the most species of the genus Ligularia, from the 123 species, 89 are endemic. They occupy sites in wetlands like riverbanks and lakes; grassy areas from eutrophic marshes, swamp grasslands and meadows on shaded slopes; peatbogs; forest areas: in mixed forests, forest understories, valleys and rocky areas and also at the edges of forests, scrubland. The habitats where the species are growing reach the alpine area, in arid places on the scree of high Hengduan Mountains or alpine meadows such as those from Tibet. Russia covers across its territory 38 species of Ligularia genus. Often they occupy similar habitats as the ones from China. 58
