Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 35/2. (2015)
Botany
Mariana LOZINSCHII, Nina CIORCHINA, Tatiana CALALB were tested in order to optimize them to start the morphogenesis process. The basic medium for the morphogenetic induction is Murashige-Skoog, with 30 g/1 alimentary sugar, 6 g/1 agar additions and a 3.6-5.8 pH. For better growth and multiplication a non-agar MS was used, a liquid with added growth regulators. Bobrowski, et al. (1996) tested severeal variants of MS media with 1 and 2 mg/1 BAP. Ruzic D. and Lazic carried out experiments (2006) using thornnlesss blackberry, the highest multiplication rate vas ensured by the variant of MS medium with lmg/1 BAP, 0.1 mg/1 IBA and 0,1 mg/1 GA3 In our experiments the best results were obtained on MS medium with BAP in the concentrations 0.3, 0.5, 0.7mg/l. Also, increased amounts of BAP 0.9, 1.0 mg/1 were tested, but they cause aberrations of the shoot, the best quantity proved to be 0.5 mg. When placing the culture medium with added BAP, the side shoots induction considerably extends on the plant axis, which favors a multiple plant sprouting. Eventually, this serves as biological material for micro-propagation and the increase of vegetative mass (Photo 2). As we increase the BAP concentration, we get a larger number of adventitious shoots which teach 4-6 cm in length and which go through a further micro-propagation preserving their morphogenetic potential. All types of plants have been micro-propagated on the nutrient media with BAP addition. Eficient results were obtained for all blackberry cultivars, only the number of shoots and their vigour made a slight difference. The more the number of explants per tube, less vigor of the explant is obtained, therefore the BAP versions of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 rng/1, were chosen for research. When a lower concentration of cytokinins, the BAP (0.3 mg/1), is used, the number of shoots is less than 14 for the Chester blackberry type, and 16 for Loch Ness, but the shoot may reach 10 cm in length, in 55—60 days for both cultivars. A good result is often obtained when the BAP is 0.5 rng/1, and 25 adventitious shoots appear in the same period of time (in average for both cultivars). The best result was on the nutrient media with a 0.7 rng/1 added BAP, when 30 adventitious shoots have developed for the Chester type, and 34 adventitious shoots for Loch Ness in 55-60 days, but reaching only 5-7 cm in length. For the Thornless evergreen cultivar, the most effective multiplication media is MS with BAP (0.5 mg/1) addition. In 50—55 days, on this medium, a total of 19—20 adventitious shoots are obtained, that reach 7 cm in legth (tab. 1). While investigating the multiplication of Smoothstem and Reuben cultivars, it was noted that an effective result was obtained on MS medium with BAP (0.5 mg/1) addition. The duration of multiplication on this medium is 55-60 days, with an amount of 23 adventitious shoots that reach 4 to 5 cm in legth (Table 1). For Arapaho, Thornfree and Polar cultivars, 24—26 adventitious shoots per tube were observed, considering the fact that the mini sprout had a much more increased vigor (Table 1). Table 1: Multiplication of blackberry on medium with BAP Cultivar Medium % Concentration Growth time Shoots’ number Shoots’ length growth regulator_______________________(mg/1)___________(days)___________________________(cm)_____ Chester MS 100 0.3 13±0.19 10.2±1.87 0.5 55-60 22±0.24 7.9±1.37 _______________________________________07___________________________30i0-l6_______6.9±1.37 Loch Ness MS 100 0.3 55-60 16 ±0,15 9.7±1.49 0.5 29±0.17 6.3±0.94 _______________________________________07___________________________34±0.14_______4.8±1,31 Thornless MS 100 0.3 55-60 12±0.20 8.0±1.05 evergreen 0.5 19±0.13 6.9±1.19 _____________________________ 07 _ 24±0.12 4.9±1.37 12
