Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 32-34. (2014)
Botany
Gheorghe Lucian STRATULAT pare is of medium height, smooth, covered by coniferous and deciduous forests from 1650-1700 m up to 1450 m. Exokarst is represented by sinkholes, with diameters from 2-3 m to 60 m, Trufas 1961, mostly found in the well known karst depressions Ponorici and Fundatura Ponorului. Endokarst consists of caves, potholes and othe such structures . Gradi§tea Muncelului Cioclovina Nature Park is a huge castle of natural groundwater and surface water. The richly branched hydrographic network is collected by Gradate River, called Godeanu upstream and Beriu downstream, and Strei River called Petros in its origin point, both flowing into Mure§ River. PNGMC is located in the nemoral, with considerable floristic value. Of the endemic species found here we mention: Hepatica transsilvanica, Thymus comosus, Symphytum cordatum and Sorbus borbasii. Physico-chemical conditions and the climate favored the emergence and development over time of a specific flora and varied vegetation. As a result, the flora and vegetation is leveled according to environmental conditions, a decisive role taking on it the altitudinal scale of the relief with approx. 1270 m level difference. Soils in the park are closely related to parent material, climate, and vegetation, being represented by rendzinas, typical or lytic, prevalent in the western and south-western limestone and brown type eumezobazic north and east in the deciduous and mixed forests. Under spruce stands brown soils, acid, more or less podzolic are prevalent. In river floodplains, alluvial soils and clay-aluviale are mostly found. Soil features are: rendzinas in the limestone; brown eumezobazic in the deciduous and mixed; brown acid in spruce forests; clay-alluvial and alluvial in river valleys. Of rare taxa that grows in the park area we include/ Sesleria rigida, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Herminium monorchis, Plantago holosteum, Peucedanum rochelianum, Festuca pseudodalmatica, Dianthus petraeus ssp. petraeus, and such others. Pulsatilla patens and Ligularia sibirica species are strictly protected by Directive 92/43/ EEC. According to Government Emergency Ordinance no. 57/2007, as amendedby subsequent law, Cephalaria radiata is of national interest and Galanthus nivalis of community interest both requiring strict protection. In terms of vegetation, in the Gradi§tea Muncelului - Cioclovina Nature Park wood phytocoenosis predominates, i.e. pure mountain beech forests, followed by pure beech forests of the hills. We also see pure spruce stands, mixed spruce, fir and beech, mixed beech forests, evergreens and so on. Following deforestation secondary grassland was installed, which now occupies a large area. Materials and methods Floristic investigations (Saxicola cormoflora) within PNGMC were performed in 2013—2014 and focused on existing saxicole plant species in karst areas and nature reserves. . Saxicole species that were studied and monitored included those of community interest, strictly protected, endemic and of national interest, in nature reserves (eg Crivadiei gorges) and karst areas across the park (Cioclovina, Piatra Ro§ie, areas with caves, potholes, etc.). The study took place in PNGMC, in some areas of the park meant for integrated protection, namely: §ura Mare-Cioclovina-Piatra Ro$ie; Cheile Crivadiei-Comärnicel-Perete; Complexui carstic Rächffeaua - Tecuri; Dealul Bolii. 90
