Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 32-34. (2014)
Botany
Marilena ONETE, Roxana ION, Florian Paul BODESCU Conclusions In order to preserve this habitat, whose extent is very limited expanse, it is essential to preserve its surroundings and the whole hydrological system concerned [1]. LIFE projects have demonstrated that restoring the natural conditions for this unique micro-habitat can have a beneficial effect on its long-term survival. A wide range of site-specific hydromorphological actions have been carried out at strategically important sites in Europe [24]. The threats are multiple, most important amongst these being those caused by humans (trampling, lime extraction, regulation or modification of spring outflow) [11]. It seems to be clear that the decline in travertine deposition has been caused either by climatic changes, human impact or both, but there are also observations of the cessation of travertine formation due to less clear causes. Deforestation may well be the main factor in tufa decline, but hard evidence is missing and the reasons are not quite clear [23]. Anthropogenic factors play a significant role in the conservation of fens. They are positively affected by appropriate management of each type of mire vegetation - mowing and extensive grazing. Permanent discharge of groundwater is important for spring habitats such as 7220*. Extensive irregular grazing, leaving ungrazed parts of the mire, or mowing at least once in three years is one of the management requirements for fens [11]. From a management perspective, it is necessary that the hydrological regime of both the tufa site and its neighbouring habitats be preserved, that anthropogenic impacts be reduced or eliminated, and that the surrounding habitats of grasslands and fens be preserved [11]. Appropriate management types should be chosen for each fen (i.e. each petrifying spring habitat), taking into account the former management of the site and the current quality of the habitat. In many fens, transition mires and spring habitats, it is necessary to removed trees and shrubs. Further investigation in this field is needed, supported by dating and monitoring on deposition sites. Acknowledgements: The paper is published in the framework of the project R01567-IBB01/2014. The authors kindly thank to J.O. Mountford for English check and his comments. REFERENCES 1. *** 2007, Emerald Network in Norway. — Final Report from the Pilot Project, Directorate for Nature Management, http://english-test.dirnat.no/attachment.ap?id=4086 2. *** EUR 27, 2007, Interpretation manual of European Union Habitats, European Commission, DG Environment Nature and biodiversity, 144 p 3. *** Low no. 49/2011, approving OUG nr. 57/2007 regarding the regime of natural protected areas, conservation of natural habitats, of flora and fauna, with further changes and supplements 4. ***2009, Health check of habitat and species, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/info/pubs/docs/ nat2000newsl/nat26_en.pdf 5. *** Cratoneuron commutatum (Hedw.) G. Roth., http://www.naturalistes-romands.ch/bryo-ge/aPDF/Fiches/ Especes%20communes%20ou%20caracteristiques/BryoGE__Cratoneuron%20commutatum.pdf (accessed 1014) 6. *** Habitat Directive 92/43/EEC, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_ en.htm (accessed 1014) 7. *** Inventaire des Bryophytes de Geneve, http://www.naturalistes-romands.ch/bryo-ge/aPDF/Fiches/Especes%20 communes%20ou%20caracteristiques/BryoGE__Cratoneuron%20commutatum.pdf (accessed 1014) 8. *** Palustriella commutata, http://www.bbsfieldguide.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdfs/mosses/Palustriella_commutata.pdf (accessed 2014) 78
