Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 33/4. (2013)
Articles
66 Á. Ferencz-Mátéfi robbed graves.6 Today at Ampelum two cemeteries are known, 60 family funerary monuments, from which 15 are tumular structures, 6 with rings, and two graveyards were found, but the most of them have not yet been researched.7 The second wave of interest for this kind of burials can be observed in the interwar period. Octavian Floca was the first, who tried to give a summary of family funerary monuments in Dacia.8 Marius Moga, Constantin Daicoviciu and Octavian Floca excavated in Roman cemeteries, for instance their team uncovered the so called ‘Aurelius’ Mausoleum’ at Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa-La Cires. At this site lies the Eastern cemetery of the ancient city, where three family funerary monuments have been identified: two graveyards and the ‘Aurelius’ Mausoleum’, which is a ring of carved stone blocks and a tumulus inside.9 In the Western cemetery of Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa-Valea Drascovului two graveyards are known.10 Four presumed graveyards are known from inscriptions.11 After the Second World War the excavations at Casolt-Dealul Bradului took place, where Mihail Macrea and his colleagues uncovered 76 tumuli of more than 300 existent tumuli in that cemetery.12 Very similar to it seems to be the cemetery at Calhor-Fägetul Calborului, where the same collective excavated 8 tumuli of 50.13 At С'тсц-La Telina, a very special burial rite was registered, where inside the graveyard three rings were found, one of them was a tumular structure. Around the graveyard, in rows appear 8 more rings, five of them with a soil-heap in the middle. At Porolissum-Dealul Ursoies the first family funerary monuments were excavated, today a total of 7 are known of them here. Three graveyards and four rings, one of them possibly was tumular.14 6 Lukács 1879a, 17-18; Lukács 1879b, 350-355; Téglás 1890, 20-36. 7 Floca 1941a, 55-109; Floca 1941b, 160-173; Pescaru et al. 2004. 8 Floca 1941a, 55-109. 9 Floca - Daicoviciu 1937, 1-23; Floca 1941a, 55-60; Diaconescu 2003, 302; Piso et al. 2002; Marcu et al. 2003; Marcu et al. 2004; Marcu et al. 2005; Piso et al. 2006; Bae?tean et al. 2007; Piso et al. 2008; Piso et al. 2009. 10 Daicoviciu et al. 1974-1975, 229-231; Diaconescu 2003, 285. 11 Diaconescu 2003,288-291; IDRIII-2, 369,370,371,379, 411. 12 Macrea - Berciu 1955, 581-626; Macrea 1957, 119-154; Macrea 1959,407-443; Macrea et al. 1959, 403-417. 13 Macrea 1957, 141-143; Macrea et al.1959, 414. 14 Floca - Valea 1965, 173-182; Rusu 1974-1975, 351-352. In the 1970’s ethnical questions became more accentuated. At the beginning of this period, in 1968 Miliutin Garasanin publishes his theory about the Mala-Kopasnica-Sase type burials, which was expounded by Mircea Babe§ for the Romanian researchers.15 By this theory, the shape of the burial pits can indicate the ethnical origin of the dead. The burials at Ighiu-Dealul Butuci were discovered in this period, where 22 tumular graves were researched.16 At Micia (Vetel) a portion of a ring with two graves was registered.17 At Romula (Resca) in two cemeteries 11 tumuli were identified.18 At Streisängeorgiu-Terasa 1 a stone groundwork was excavated, probably the fundament of an aedicula, and later an inscription of a presumed graveyard were discovered in the wall of the local church.19 At Muncelu-La Petrenesti a rectangular graveyard was excavated; there was one cremational grave inside.20 More than 30 tumular graves were found at laz-Dámb.21 In the 1990’s only short reports appeared in the archeological repertory of Brasov and of Harghita county. One statement is known that at Porumbenii Mici-Marginea Cetátii a tumular grave was found, dated to the Roman period,22 and another tumular grave on Viscri.23 A new wave of interest borne with Paul Damian’s excavations in Alburnus Maior (Rosia Montana), where five cemeteries and two burial zones were identified, in total 287 rings and family funerary monuments were published in his and his colleagues’ reports.24 At Rosia Montana-Tarina/Kapolna 7 graveyards and six rings were registered. At Rosia Montana-/!^/ Piciorag five rings were researched; one of them was a tumular structure. At Rosia Montanä- Täul Cornei very special burials were found, one graveyard, which hosted two rings and two stone groundworks inside, 78 rings, from which only one had a visible tumular shape, but 32 of them were covered with a stone layer, and 20 other stone settings. At Rosia Montana-Hop/Gäuri four 15 Moga 1950, 131-135; Macrea et al. 1961, 361 -390; Gudea 1989. 152; Alföldy-Gäzdac et al. 2007, 10; Bajusz 2008. 16 Babe? 1970b, 727-730. 17 Protase 1971,92-94. 18 Floca 1968, 121-123; Andritoiu 2006, 70,76, 96-97. 19 Babe? 1970a, 168-169; Leahu 1975,192-207; Sämärghitan 2003,177-178. 20 Eskenasy 1977, 603-609; Diaconescu 2003, 291-292. 21 Rusu 1983, 291-294. 22 Medelet - Bughilan 1987,137; Luca 2004, 82; Luca 2010, 141. 23 Kavruk 2000, 164. 24 Costea 1996, 145.
