Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 33/4. (2013)

Articles

170

E. Gáll

Fig. 23. The distribution of hairpins in the churchyards in Transylvanian Basin (11th-13th centuries)

A large number of them were found in the cemetery in Moresti-GY/d/au, where altogether 70 pieces were registered by Kurt Horedt in Graves 2, 8, 9, 16 and 18 in 1952 and in Graves 4, 13 and 23 in 1954 and some as stray finds

.144 The pieces found in the regional centres and the rural settlements of the Transylvanian Basin can be dated to the 12th century or thereafter: Alba lulia-Roman Catholic Cathedral,145 maybe Avrämesti: Grave 173,146 Brádesti147, Cluj-Napoca-P/aíű Centralä: Grave 21

,148 149 Däbäca-Casf/e Area IV: Grave 172 and 322,149 Däbäca-Boldägä: Grave ll

,150 Mugeni

,151

Tárgu Mures

,152 Ulies: Grave 43

.153

This kind of hairpin is not known from the 12th century cemeteries in all other regions of the Hungarian Kingdom. Such examples can be

144 Horedt 1984, abb. 33-36.

145 Protase 1956, 15-19.

146 Benkő 2012, 157.

147 Unpublished. Benkő 2012, 157.

148 Gáli et al. 2010, 72, PL 58/12.

149 Gáli 2011, 41, 39. táb. 4, 43. táb. 9, 58. táb.

150 Unpublished.

151 Unpublished. I would like to thank Zsolt Nyárádi for these data.

152 Heitel 1972, 154, fig. 7.

153 Derzsi - Sófalvi 2008, 269, 275.

registered in Kisnána: Grave 55 (1 piece

),154 Békés: Grave 75 (1 piece

),155 however, in Kaposvár

,156

they were registered among the materials of settlement excavations

.157

Only one single piece was found in Grave 21 in Cluj-Napoca-Piata Centralä, Grave 55 in Kisnána, Grave 75 in Békés, in Graves 149 and 272 in Kaposvár, and in Grave 4 in the 1954 area in Moresti, but in other graves of the cemeteries in Kaposvár and Moresti as many as a dozen hair pins were found, which might indicate their differing hairstyle.

As long as we know, their comprehensive analysis in the Carpathian Basin has not been carried out so far. In most cases, based on the position of hairpins in the graves, nor their functionality neither their function was questionable.

154 Szabó 1970-71, 72: 4. kép 3.

155 Trogmayer 1962, 13, 22, 25.

156 Kaposvár-Road Nr. 61 Grave 94 (9 examples), Grave 99 (15 examples), Grave 107 (12 examples), Grave 149 (1 example), Grave 183 (6 examples), Grave 184 (3 examples), Grave 272 (1 example). Bárdos 1978, II. táb. 14-30, III. táb. 1-7,14-25, IV. táb. 14, 20-28, VI. táb. 8.

157 A ballhead pin was found by Balázs Gergely in a dwelling pit in Székely (County Szabolcs-Szatmár). Unpublished.