Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 31/1. (2011)
Articles
56 S. Berecki-S. J. Sztáncsui discoveries from eastern Transylvania - were interpreted as Bodrogkeresztúr settlements with late Ariusd elements (Székely 1964,125-126); a “western facies of the Ariusd culture where foreign cultural influences can be detected” (Vlassa 1964, 358-359); “Bodrogkeresztúr imports in the context of the Ariusd culture” (Luca 1999, 12, 15, 43) or “a late evolution phase of Ariusd type” showing the results of cultural synthesis processes (Roman 1971, 108-110; Roman 1973, 63). The chronological paralleling of the Ariusd and Bodrogkeresztúr elements also resulted in critical reactions. In one of his papers dedicated to the chronological and cultural connections of the Cucuteni-Tripolie complex with neighbouring cultural manifestations, V. Dumitrescu contested I. Kovács s opinion, asserting that “the vestiges of the Bodrogkeresztúr culture are posterior to the materials of the Cucuteni culture” and they got into the same features due to posterior disturbances (Dumitrescu 1968, 38). One should remember that the chronology and internal division of the Cucuteni culture - including its Transylvanian aspect - effectual till the present days is based on the system elaborated by H. Schmidt in the first half of the last century, completed and modified in some of the details especially by H. and V. Dumitrescu, R. Vulpe and A. Nitu. In the process of establishing of the three main phases and of the different periods of the culture the typological and stylistic properties have been taken into consideration, as well as the proportion of different procedures of pottery ornamentation statistically compared for several settlements (Schmidt 1932; Dumitrescu 1961; 1963a; 1963b; Monah-Monah 1997; Mantu 1998, with bibliography). The sites from Transylvania generally were dated to the first phase, especially in the Cucuteni A2-A3 periods. Regarding the interferences with the Bodrogkeresztúr culture, these were established based on the spread of several pottery forms in the settlements of the Cucuteni culture, like the vessels with Scheibenhenkel (handles with discoid attachments) or lobed rims discovered at Traian-Dealul Fántánilor and Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru, or metal objects like typical pendants and axes, etc., indicating the parallelism between the Bodrogkeresztúr culture and Cucuteni A-В and partially Cucuteni В periods (Dumitrescu 1961, 69-73; Dumitrescu 1968, 42-47; Dumitrescu 1976, 356-357; Monah Et Al. 1982, 10; see also László-Sztáncsuj 2010 with bibliography). The connections and synchronisms thus established excluded the possibility of the contemporaneity of the Bodrogkeresztúr and Ariusd cultures. The archaeological investigations in settlements dated to the Ariusd culture beginning with the 1960s brought to light a series of discoveries which chronologically could not be included in the above mentioned periods. Vessels or fragments typologically and stylistically classified in Cucuteni A-В and В phases were discovered in settlements at Cérnáiul de Sus- Mihács-kert (Székely 1970, 307-308, fig. 12), Cernatul de Jos-Templomdomb (Székely 1965, 272, nr. 3), Cristuru Secuiesc-Fenyő-alja (Székely 1977, 13; Székely 1983, 33), Doboseni-Borvízoldal (Székely 1957,151, fig. 3/4; Székely 1965,272, nr. 5), Feldioara-DeaZu/ Cetätii (Roman 1971, 102-103; Comsa 1973, 45-46), Let- Várhegy (Székely 1951, fig. 8/1-2, 5; Székely 1965, 272, nr. 2; Comsa 1988, 116), Moacsa (Székely 1965, 272, nr. 1), Mugeni-Pagyvan-tető (Ferenczi-Ferenczi 1975, 56-67, pl. 1/13), Odorheiu Secuiesc-Budvár, Red-Telek (Székely 1964, 121-126), Sánzieni-Köszörükő (Székely 1973, 38-39, fig. 1-2; Comsa 1988, 116) or Turia- Balázs-telke (Székely 1987, 260-261, pl. 1/2), as well as in the re-opened excavations from 1968 from Ariusd (Székely 1973, 38; Zaharia 1973,29-31, fig. 1/7; 2; Zaharia-Székely 1988,107- 108). In some cases - at Cristuru Secuiesc, Feldioara, Mugeni or Reci - these artefacts appeared in association with elements of the Bodrogkeresztúr culture, interpreted at that moment as imports
