Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 31/1. (2011)
Articles
Textile Structures and Techniques Identified in Neolithic and Copper Age Sites from Romania 37 textiles. They represent two spheres of technological approach and usage that apparently succeed one another from the chronological point of view (Fig. 9).12 With the exception of the Sucidava- Celei textile artefact, dated at the end of Late Copper Age, all the other twined textiles can be dated in the Middle-Late Neolithic/Early Copper Age (ca. 5500-4500 BC). Woven textiles, with two exceptions, can be attributed to the Middle/Late Copper Age (ca. 4300-3500 BC). From the point of view of spatial and chronological distribution (Fig. 10) we can notice a higher frequency in archaeological finds from Transylvania, the cultural spaces of Vinca, Turdas and Tiszapolgár populations as well as in Moldova, with the Cucuteni В culture. With one exception there are no recorded discoveries for the southern part of Romania and this can be related either to the current state of research or possibly to a particular technological option in the creation of pottery that will be discussed later on. Even though there are no actual textile imprints or earlier finds than that at Sucidava-Celei, there are other evidences to support the use of weaving during the Neolithic and Copper Age for southern Romania.13 Fig. 9. The frequency of Neolithic and Copper Age textile fabrics and techniques for Romania. It is obvious that twining is a ‘specialty’ of Vinca communities and of those that share a common affiliation or area of development, like Banat culture, Turdas culture and possibly the Foeni Group. Identical twined textile imprints to those found in Romania were identified on Vinca pottery from Serbia, at Selevac and Divostin (Adovasio-Maslowski 1988; Tringham- Stevanovic 1990). At Divostin, for example, among the 110 textile imprints published by J. Adovasio and R. Maslowski about 85 are twined textiles, and the majority (56) is created by closed diagonal twining (Adovasio-Maslowski 1988). Typical for the Divostin twined textiles is the fact that the fibres are rough, unspun, with no indication of a frame being used to tension them. 12 Although discoveries like the late twined textile of Sucidava-Celei or the Early Neolithic textiles from Near East and Europe or the textiles from the Late Neolithic Swiss lake-dwellings do display a co-existence of these two types of textile technologies. 13 Recently at Pietrele-Mágura Gorgana (the KGK VI cultural complex, 4450-4250 BC) were found the remains of two warp weighted, looms (Hansen Et Al. 2007, 49-52, Abb. 12-16; Hansen Et Al. 2008, 31-32, Abb. 15-16; Todera§ Et Al. 2009, 46, 55, 60). They come to complete older evidences for weaving in the southern Romanian Neolithic and Copper Age, like agglomerations of loom weights from Radovanu-La Muscalu, Boian culture (Com§a 1974, 88, 90) or the KGK VI cultural complex settlements at Cäscioarele-Ostrovel, Cälära§i County (Dumitrescu 1965; Evans 1978,123); Mägura-Jilavei, Ilfov County (Com§a 1976,112-113,117, fig. 13-14); Izvoarele, Giurgiu County (Com§a 2000); Medgidia, Constanta County (Hartuche-Bounegru 1997, 32, fig. 10); Carcaliu, Tulcea County (Lazurcä 1984, fig. III/1-2; IV).
