Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 30/1. (2010)
Articles
The Bronze Hoard from Sämbria$ (Мищ County) 57 In the HaB2 period the structure of the hoards and the typology of the bronze artefacts go through a slight modification. If we could identify local production centres in the previous phase, the HaB period would be characterized through unification, with the appearance and spread of some types of socketed axes with similar ornamentation on large territories.102 It is the time of the hoards from Románd from Western Hungary, Sitno from Slovakia, Podgorjany from South-Western parts of Ukraine and Fize§u Gherlii and Sängeorgiu de Pädure from Transylvania. The inventory of these hoards, bring to light the traditions of the previous period, with types of artefacts that prove a local evolution: flange-hilted and bowl-pommel swords, tanged sickles, knives, socketed and winged axes, spearheads, bracelets with circular cross-sections, bronze vessels, etc. The types that differ from the previous period are the onion-, spindle- and cylinder headed pins, golden belts, spike-grip knives, Herrenbaumgarten type knives and neck rings with twisted ends.103 In comparison with the Moigrad hoard series the typological scheme of the artefacts changes and the structure of the hoards suffers modifications as well.104 The metallurgical centres from the Upper Tisza region and Transylvania show slight alterations, mainly regarding the forms and decoration.105 At the same time in the HaB period, in central and southern Transylvania, a concentration of the hoards can be outlined, which continues in fact a process started in Bz.D, with the increase of the hoards of Uriu-Opályi type, north to the Some§ River.106 Although the hoard from Sambria§ is incomplete and right after the discovery it was divided between the finders, it can be easily placed in the structural characteristics of the hoards from the HaB2 period. The large number of the socketed axes is shown not only by the clean socketed axes hoards, but also by the domination among other types of artefacts within hoards.107 If we take into consideration and accept the existence of the seven metal vessels, the structure of the hoard from Sämbria§ shows good similarities with the Fize§ul Gherlii II and Sängeorgiu de Pädure I hoards. Even if the proportion of types is almost identical in the case of the two eponymous finds, and slightly different at Sámbria§, we have to stress out the privileged nature of the two leading types within the hoard from Sämbria?. In all of the three bronze hoards mentioned above, the socketed axes and metal vessels make up around 85-90% of the entire hoard.108 At the same time the possibility of the presence of some metal vessels in the hoard from Sämbria? is sustained by the appearance in the Transylvanian region of the Sängeorgiu de Pädure type cups, but mostly those of Kirkendrup type, which were recovered in a quite large number in the hoards dated to this period.109 102 Wanzek 1989, 164-165. 103 Mozsolics 2000, 25-26. 104 Metzner-Nebelsick 2005, 322. Beside the new forms a decrease of the number of artefacts within the hoards is noticeable. 105 Kemenczei 1996b, 258. 106 Soroceanu 1982, 367-368. The connection of these hoards with the Upper Tisza region metallurgical centres is made through Northern Cri^ana, mostly in the valleys of the large rivers. 107 Soroceanu-Lakó 1995, 191, Tabelle 1; Metzner-Nebelsick 2005, 322-323; Bratu 2009, 61-75, fig. 36. O. Bratu separates two regions with high socketed axes hoard concentrations: the first one is in the plain of the Tisza River, between the Tisza, Crasna and Mure? Rivers, the second one in the centre of Transylvania, between the Somes and Olt Rivers. 108 See also Soroceanu 2005, 396-397, and n. 108, where the researcher draws the attention upon the usage beside the metal vessels of adjacent artefacts, too, either 3 or 7 pieces; in the second case even a preponderance of the socketed axes can be outlined. 109 Soroceanu 2008, 53-67, 69-71.
