Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 30/1. (2010)
Articles
54 В. Rezi claimed that the decorated articles are chronologically later, but these kinds of artefacts are present also in earlier evolution phases.64 They appear in a large number in the HaBl period, when they reach the end of their typological evolution, after which the socketed axes with concave rim appear quite isolated.65 In the following HaB2-B3 phases, besides the diminishing of the proportions they will not suffer basic typological transformations.66 The typological highest level of the classic forms are reached in the Bz.D-HaAl periods, when they are present in an extremely large number in the hoards of Uriu-Opályi type, in the area of the Suciu de Sus Culture, and in the near proximity of the Upper Some§ River.67 At the end of the HaA period the more evolved forms widely penetrate the central parts of Transylvania, and during the HaBl-B3 phases their number rapidly diminish, although remaining a dominant type in the central areas of the Carpathians.68 They appear in large number in Eastern Slovakia, Northern Hungary and Transylvania. The most recent pieces are linked with the early types of the bowl-pommel swords.69 Analogies for the socketed axe nr. 5 can be identified at Comesti, Fizesul Gherlii I, Spälnaca70 and Surduc,7' all of them dated to the horizon of the HaBl bronze hoards. The best similarities from Hungary appear exclusively in the Hajdúböszörmény hoard series, synchronized with HaBl. Such artefacts were recovered from Hajdúsámson IV, Nádudvar-Bojárhollós, Pácin III, Taktakenéz,72 Mezőkövesd and Tiszaszentendre.73 Very close analogies are found also in the hoard from Olesnik, at one of the axes even that deepened rectangular decoration is present.74 The solid object (PL 3/6) with circular hitting surface can be placed in the category of socketed hammers. They appear in a quite small number in the bronze hoards. It is accepted the idea that the time bracket of their typological evolution can be placed between Bz.D and HaB.75 The most detailed analysis was carried out by Fl. Gogältan, who collected 65 socketed hammers and anvils from 37 find spots. The typological differentiation was based on the general form of the artefacts, on the cross-section of the rim, the socket and the hitting surface. The earliest pieces appear in Bz.D, the majority can be dated to the HaA period, and the latest do not extend beyond HaBl, when the manufacturing of the metal vessels takes a very important leap and prosperity.76 In Hungary the earliest socketed hammers are those from Ság, dated to the Románd hoard series.77 B. Wanzek dates them between Bz.D and HaB3, with a high concen64 Novotná 1970b, 78. 65 Rusu 1963, 192. 66 Rusu 1972, 116-117. Their number is more and more diminished in the HaBl-B3 periods. 67 Kobal 2000, 40. The first pieces appear at the horizon of the Kriva (Bz.C2) hoard series, after Bz.D their number is gradually increasing, the most evolved forms being represented by those with three ribs under the rim, in HaB2 (Type 1, Variant C of his typological system). 68 Dergacev 1997, 149. 69 Mozsolics 1973, 38-39; Bader 1991, 150-156; Kemenczei 1991, 54-56; Kacsó 1994, 12; Kacsó 1999, 51; Kacsó 2000,213. 70 Petrescu-Dimbovita 1977, pl. 305/3 (Comenti); 307/1 (Fize§ul Gherlii I); 325/4 (§pälnaca). 71 Bader 1999, 134, Abb. 3. With a less widened blade, with a more curved cutting edge and rounded corners and with four ribs under the rim. 72 Mozsolics 2000, Taf. 38/5 (Hajdúsámson IV); 55/5 (Nádudvar-Bojárhollós)-, 71/12 (Pácin III); 100/3 (Taktakenéz). 73 Kemenczei 1984, Taf 122/4 (Mezőkövesd); 210/9-11, 13 (Tiszaszentendre). The first one dated to the horizon of the Kyjatice Culture, the rest to the Gáva Culture. 74 Kobal 2000, Taf. 87/C4-5; 88/8. 75 Rusu 1972, 133; Bader 1978, 87; Mozsolics 1985, 39-40; Kobal 2000, 50. 76 Gogältan 2002, 45-46; Gogältan 2005, 375-379. See also the earlier literature regarding this type. 77 Mozsolics 1985, 40.
