Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 30/1. (2010)
Articles
JL part of the left and right ulna, one fragment from the diaphysis part of the right radius. Bones of pelvis girdle: small pieces from iliac bones (the synostosis of the bone is in the second phase), ischion bone, pubian bone and sacrum (on the sacrum an abnormal ossification could be observed). Lower limbs: left femur without lower epiphysis, right femur (1. of bone 290 mm, diam. of the had 30 mm). Skeleton of the feet: left talus, 2 metatarsal bones and 4 tarsal bones and phalanges. The shape of pubian bone (symphysis ossis pubis) and characters of the skull show signs of a female. The ecto- and emdocranial sutures, dimensions of long bones, the eruption phases of teeth and the synostosis of ends show a young child, Infans II (9-10 years old). Stature: after the methods of Sjovold and Pearson-Rösing, in Martins classification (after the femur) is 124.45 cm. Pathology: on incisor teeth could be observed dental enamel hypoplasias (episodes of disease or poor nutrition). Grave M55 The skull is missing. Upper limbs: left humerus (1. of bone 310 mm, diam. of the had 42 mm), left radius (the proximal epiphysis is missing) and ulna (1. of bone 247 mm). The dimension of long bones shows signs of a female. The dimension and epiphysis part of long bones show the age of an adult person (23-25 years old). Stature: after the methods of Sjovold and Pearson-Rösing, in Martins classification (after the humerus, radius and ulna) is 162.1 cm. Grave M56 The skull is preserved fragmentary. Cranium: parietal, occipital and temporal bones (the mastoid process is preserved only on the right part), frontal bone. Bone of the face: fragments from the zygomatic bones, maxilla and mandible. Situation of teeth: DI2, DC, DM1, DM2 (1), Dll, DI2, DC, DM1, DM2 (2), Dll, DM1 (3), DC, DM1, DM2 (4). Dental formula: 2102. Sex determination in this case is impossible. According to the eruption phases of the teeth and the ecto-and endocranial sutures, the human remains belong to a young child, Infans I (2-3 years old). 198 Z. Soós-Sz. S. Gál * * * During the anthropological examination in two cases could be observed the characteristics of the skull (in both situation the cranium is brachicran or hyperbrachicran). The signs of the skull show Alpinoid, Pamiroid and Cromagnoid В characters. People of the Late Medieval communities from Europe had shorter, wider and higher skulls,23 without having the clear answer of the cause of brachycefalisation. The gradual modification of the cranium could be observed during three periods: 11th—12th centuries, 12th— 14th centuries and 15th—16th centuries. Simultaneously with the skull modification the stature of medieval people become higher, without connections between the skull and stature modification. In the Hungarian Kingdom the stature become smaller gradually, caused by the bad nutrition. The characteristics of height data calculated from measures of long bones were realized five times. The stature of population is medium-high (for female 158-162 cm, for male 168-176 cm high), although in comparison with Central European samples, the stature is medium. The dentition is in bad condition, Prognathia Alveolaris and caries cavity could be observed. The occlusion of the teeth is perfect. Several pathological and epigenetic cases can be mentioned. Among the diseases of bones the spondylithis on thoracic vertebrae (graves M38 and M39), caries cavity (graves M38 and M39) and tuberculosis on lumbar vertebrae (grave M52) can be mentioned. Epigenetic traits were the bony torus along the midline (arrows) of several bones and metopic suture (graves M38 and M39). Regarding the family connections the same epigenetic traits could be observed on two skulls (graves M38 and M39). Probably they were two brothers or other close relatives. 23Éri et al. 2005,125.
