Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 28. (2006)
Patrimoniu
„PREFECTURA VECHE” - MONUMENT DE ARHITECTURÄ BAROCÄ DIN TÄRGU-MURE§ IOAN EUGEN MAN The Old Prefect’s Office - a Monument of Baroque Architecture in Tärgu - Mures (Summary) Placed at no. 5 Bolyai Street, the building is known also as „the Old Prefect’s Office” and it is a valuable monument of Baroque popular art in Tárgu-Mure§. It was first meant to accommodate the highest administrative authority of Mure§ Seat and the buiding was completed in several stages:the building looking over the street was obtained by extending a smaller building between the years 1744-1746; it was here thet the first seat meeting was held on Aprilie 13, 1746. The side wings werw completed from 1824 to 1838 and between 1842 and 1843 the back side, meant to serve as prison and a large meeting hall. The building has a half-basement, a groung floor and a floor. It can be remarked the octagonal, irregular plan, with four sides and a quadrangle with a corridor, leaned against the main building by brik vaults and by break shaped wooden vaults to the rest of the wings. It can also be remarked the austerity of the main facade adorned only with an arched tunnel front and rectangular windows, with a simple plaster frame. In exchange, the two massive leaves of the tunnel front have decorations on their upper side, representing coast of arms, amongst which it is outstanding that of Mure§ Seat. Barocul, ca fenomen artistic, se manifesta la Roma, ora§ul papilor, in perioada ofensivei catolice a Contrareformei. In general, barocul occidental se confundá ín limitele lui cu secolul al XVII-lea, Tnsä Tn Räsärit formele §i modelele acestuia apar cu Tntärziere §i au о viatä destul de lungä, din care, anumite elemente ímprumutate acestui Stil ne Tntämpinä pänä Tn pragul secolului al XIX- lea. Tmprejurärile care favorizeazä na§terea §i propagarea caracterelor artei baroce apartin unor factori de ordin istoric, psihologic §i estetic. Consecintele aparitiei §i räspändirii Reformei sunt imense, Tn toate domeniile spiritului, biserica catolicä gäsindu-se Tntr-una din cele mai mari primejdii care i-au amenintat vreodatä existenta. Reactia celor de care depindea soarta religiei catolice este categoricä, ea fiind cunoscutä Tn istorie sub numele de Contrareformä. ín final, se ajunge la о nouä forma de senzualism, ce constituie unul din caracterele izbitoare ale artei contrareformei, mai ales sub aspectui ei iezuit. Pe längä cauzele de ordin istoric §i psihologic, cel estetic se dovede§te a fi determinant. Räspändindu-se din Italia Tn restül Europei, barocul se acomodeazä gustului public, a Tmprejurärilor locale §i temperamentului arti§tilor, din care arhitectura devine din nou dominantä, care influenteazä pe toate celelalte §i cäreia tótul se subordoneazä. Mai degrabä ar trebui sä vorbim despre о atitudine de gust decät despre un Stil. Fatä de Rena§tere §i manierism, considerate ca mi§cäri de origine intelectualá, deci mai putin accesibile omului de ränd, ceea ce va da na§tere barocului este dorinta de a restaura о disciplina, sub conducerea fermä a papalitätii. Fatä de formele Rena§terii arta barocä devine tot mai complicatä, pänä la absurd, primind forme animate de un ritm sacadat, Tn care arti§tii, uneori, dau 361
