Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 28. (2006)
Arheologie
Three fragments were decorated with the incised Db-Roman type motive called “fish skeleton” or Fischgrätermuster. In two cases the incisions were wide but superficially deepened (Plate All, 8; 8/7, 8), in one case it was narrow and deep (Plate 5/4; 9/3). In first case analogies are known from Petre§ti, Bratei, Cristian-Sibiu, Me§creac, Däbäca or Agri§teu1. For the ornament with deeper groove similar discoveries can be mentioned at Sibiu1 2, Rotbav, Ca§olt, Turda§, Deva-Ciangäi, §ilindia and Bude§ti3. In the site from Leliceni4 both variants are known. In Central Transylvania they appear most frequently in the second and third phases5, but in the settlement from Uioara de Jos6, and in the sites from Turia-Cimitirul romano-catolic and Malna§-Bái-Platóul nisipos7 8 they are dated in the first phase of the archaeological culture. The Vl-Roman, llla-Lazar, Vla-Ciugudean type vessel and the ornament executed by different kind of impressions, “deepened” triangles and unorganized incised lines are frequent in all the phases of the culture. The ll-Roman or IILazär type discoveries appear frequently in Oltenia, dated in the first period of the culture. It is the case of the lla1-Roman type vessels, specific for the first phase in Transylvania. The lllb-Roman or Illb-Ciugudean type cups characterize the first phase, too. For this period the incised “trestle” motive is characteristic as well. The impressions and the incised “fish skeleton” motives were considered by P. Roman specific to the last two phases. The publication of the discoveries from the sites of Mice§ti, Vinerea and Uioara de Jos, together with some potsherds from South-Eastern Transylvania confirmed their existence in the first phase as well. The X-Roman type vessel in Transylvania was dated in the first and the last periods. The incised “trestle" motive dated only for the first phase suggests an earlier chronological classification. It is the case of the Vllc-Roman, Vllc- Ciugudean or VB-Méder type beaker, too. Therefore, considering the typology of the forms and ornaments and their situation in the case of some sites with well-known stratigraphy but especially in the way the decorations were executed, such as the wide incisions, we consider that the presented material belongs to the first phase of the Cotofeni culture from the Late Copper Age, dated in absolute chronology beginning with 3350 / 3250s. 1 Roman 1976, 27, 38, pi. 41/1-16. 2 Luca-Boroffka 1995, 74, pi. 78/4. 3 Roman 1976, 27, 38, pi. 41/1-16. 4 Lázár 1978, 50, pl. XXII/18-19. 5 Roman 1976, fig. 2 §i 5. 6 Ciugudean 2000, 157, pi. 31/3. 7 Méder 2004, 43^14, pl. 11/5, 11, 13-16, III/6. 8 Ciugudean 2000, 57-59; Molnár 2005, 314. 13
