Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 9. (1979)
Recenzii
655 Chapter II (67—91 pp.), entitled The evolution oi civilization in the 7—9th centuries, AD, Moldavia starts with a review of the discoveries followed by Setllements from 7—9th C.C., AD. It deals with two types of settlements evidenced by the investigations: a) open settlements and b) iortiiied settlements. The dwellings have been divided in three main types: a) the pit-house; b) hemipit-house; c) surface-dwelling, built in a hut form, characteristic for that period being the b-type. The inventory consisted of hearth, kilns and provision-pits. As regards to the Necropoles, burial rites and rituals in Moldavia during the 7—gth cc., AD, because of rare discoveries of necropoles and tombs, it is very difficult at this stage of investigation to clarify fully all the problems arosed by the stdy of this kind of antiquities. In this respect it is claimed for an intensification of the future investigations in other Romanian provinces as well: Oltenia, Wallachia or Dobrogea. The inventory oi the settlements and necropoles in the 7—9th Cc. Moldavia is particularly rich and varied as regards its typology. Tools of iron, bronze or copper, or even of led, objects made of animal bones, grit stone and clay. The objects of adornment are also numerous and varied and are made especially of bronze, copper and more seldom of silver, gold and glass. Coin discoveries are very few in this period due to the economical crisis of the Byzantine Empire. The ceramics is analysed according to the processing technique and there are established two main cathegories: that processed on the potter's wheel and the hand-made one. Alongside these two cathegories of local ceramics thele are mentioned fragments of Byzantine origin, imported ceramics that arrived in Moldavia by the means of trade exchanges. The end of this chapter seems very interesting and is entitled the Origin and evolution oi the local civilization írom Moldavia in the 7—9th cc. The main steps of the evolution of civilization in this period of time are chronologically presented revealing the fact that in this geographical area too, likewise in the rest of the Romanian territory, the Romanian ethnic element as well as its permeanent relationships with Roman-Byzantine world had palyed an important role in the process of numerous ethnical and cultural changes that had taken place here in Moldavia. The definitization of civilization from the east-Carpathian regions of Romania during the 7—9th cc. represents a local process having multiple connections with the Roman and Byzantine civilizations and taking place in parallel with the process of assimilation by Romanians of the Slavs that remaned in the territory. This conclusion is particularly important for it excludes those theses according to which this civilization from both Moldavia and the rest of the country would have belonged exclusively to the Slavs of Slavo-Bulgarians denaing the existence of the Roman autochtons in this period. Chapter III (100—122 pp.), The civilization during the 10—11th centuriesand its historical significance follows the same as the previous two, history of discoveries, dwellings, hearth, kilns, provision-pits, necropoles and isolated tombs, the inventory and it concludes with the Evolution, chronology and significance of the discoveries at Dridu in the Moldavian territory. We must mention that the discovery and the cultural and chronological situation of the Dridu-type vestiges from the 10—11th cc. should be considered as the most valuable results obtained by the Romanian archaeological investigation in the last two decades since all these testimonies confirm the conclusions referring to the genesis, local evolution, Romanian character of the Dridu culture and of entire Romania, contributing to clarify the important problem of the ending of foundation process of the Romanian people. The last chapter, IV, Conclusions reveals that the entire civilization from the second half of the first millennium, AD, had a continous ascendent evolution and that the indigen element which was the most numerous had a decisive role in the proces of ethnical and cultural changes that took place here, a particular contribution in this Romanian province was that of the civilization of the Roman-Byzantine Empire. The work enjoys the contribution of 64 figure and a map of Moldavia during the 5—11th cc., AD, Archaeological excavations and occasional discoveries. Printing and illustrating contitions are excellent. MIHAI PETICÄ
