Tudományszervezési Tájékoztató, 1973

1. szám - Bibliográfia

EXPECTED CHANGES IN CAPITAL AND RESEARCH INTENSIVENESS IN MACHINE INDUSTRY Over the past decades, the significance of scientific research has further increased, becoming one decisive factor of economic development. In preparing longrange plans for development, due attention must be paid to research on account of its effect and the necessary expenditures. The problems of R+D are generally examined separately. The practical application fif R+D results involve remarkable investment costs. Therefore the combined examination of the two fields is also necessary. The aforegoing propositions are illustrated by the author by practical examples and deductions on the basis of Hungarian and foreign examples. THE STATE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN AUSTRIA The country's R+D expenditures are lagging far behind those of the highly industrialized capitalist countries of comparable s ize.Hundreds of university graduates leave the country for lack of professional opportunities. One reason of the backwardness of research is the fact that in the post-war years Austria had no research policy at all. The Research Development Act of 1967 made provisions to the effect that two foundations be created for the respective support of basic and industrial research, and also re-organized the old Research Council. In 1970, the Ministry of Science and Research was set up. The government has issued reports on the state of research every year ever since 1968, pointing to the fields where development is mostly needed from the aspect of the interest of Austrian society. The study examines the general situation of R+D in Austria in international comparison, supplies detailed data on the division of R+D expenditures by sectors, and finally outlines the country's science policy. EFFECTIVENESS THROUGH CONTROL? The reform conception of the West-German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft aims at attaining an increased effectiveness of research effort by introducing a new system of control. The article disputes this conception and outlines several other methods of increasing the effectiveness of research. The reasonable planning of scientific work — in all the three phases of planning, i.e. in the phases of input, elaboration and output — warrants the effectiveness of research to a certain extent. In the course of planning due attention must be given to the circumstances of research /subjective circumstances, interpersonal relations, external circumstances, implements/, to the particular problems to be solved /finding objectives, planning of work, planning of personnel, planning of means and implements/, as well as to the ways of the application of research results. The authors find it strongly advisable that — on the basis of their study — the researchers of the Gesellschaft should participate in courses in research planning and utilize the knowledge so obtained in their own work. 185