Birtalan Ágnes: Kalmyk Folklore and Folk Culture in the Mid-19th Century: Philological Studies on the Basis of Gábor Bálint of Szentkatolna’s Kalmyk Texts.

FOLKLORE GENRES

Jojaa"

8 who likes

3 ,

9 her nobleman is taken away on a trotting horse

34

0 as soon as the grass turns green. 4

1 Your shirt

34

2 made of thin hemp is sewn kindly (?).

34

, Jojaa, who is friendly is taken far away from her friend Namjir. 343 344 Your dress with underlining of three fingers. is sewn thirty-three times.

34

6 Jojaa, who is thirty-three years old '

4

7 is taken away

34

8 on a trotting horse by three [men] (?). 345 346 ,347 349 Fifth song

3

6" The boat of this harbor is coming by making turns and beating

; Just six lads

3

7' are coming by equalizing their shoulders. 11

8 Bálint Jojä, Kalm Jüjä, Jöjä is a female proper name cf. also the family name Jujinov (information from Tamara Basangova). The name appears in Ramstedf s collection as well, cf. Juji / jujan (Aalto spells as D2ud?.a (Juja) in his German translation), e. g. Nr. 1112. stanzas 17-18 Ramstedt - Balinov - Aalto: Kalmückische Lieder, pp. 38-39; in detail cf. the note to stanza 3c In a later song collection this name is attached to a nobleman who participated in the war against Napoleon's army in 1

812-1814 (a beloved topic in Kalmyk folklore and belles-lettres) Marta noin Jüja Our nobleman Juuja Mosku temcäd mörlnä. sets forth to Moscow. Söm xamrta parties "Frenchmen with span-long noses" stanza 2cd. Törskn yazrin dud. Xal mg u/sin kezängk boln ödgä caga dud. Ed. Okna, B Eist. Xal'mg degtr yaryaC 1989. [The songs of the motherland] p 41 33

9 Basangova (Bordianova)'s interpretation: "poCitajet". 34

0 Bálint suksiüläd from Kalm. sugS-/Sogs- + -ül- (causative) + -äd (adv. imperfecti) "make somebody or something jog. trot", cf. Kalm.Ö. Soldi- "traben, trotten" (R. 364). Further phonetical and also semantical variants: SowSi- "leicht traben, faul laufen" (R. 366), .son's- "jehat' ryscoj" (Mun. 678). Kalm.Ö. sowSi- "in schwerem Trab reiten, mit kurzen schritten hetzig traben" (R. 332), sowS"jehat" melkoj rys'sju" (Mun 453). '

4

! Bálint noyona türünlän 7, Kalm. noyänä türiinlä n ' — noyänä tiiründ n • (?) "at the appearance of the first grass" (?); the expression needs further specifying. Basangova (BordZanova) suggested to translate the sentence with the lexeme sugsx "nadryvno plakat' " (Mun 682). 4

2 Bálint, kilig. Kalm. kilg for the cultural context in the traditional material culture cf. Kalm. kilg (Pürbän 134). 34

3 Bálint näigin 7 olj lit. "finding the friendly way [to sew]" (?); Kalm. nä (?) + -g (accusative) + n

' (enclitic demonstrative particle); Kalm. nä "Freundlichkeit, Freund" (R. 273), nä 3. "täCatel'no" (Mun. 370). Basangova (BordZanova)'s interpretation: "akkuratno". 34

4 Bálint Namjir is a proper name. cf. Khal. Namjil form Tib. mam rgyal "victorious, complete victory" http://www nitartha.org/dictionary_search04.html 34

5 Bálint yuru köbötä, Kalm. yur/yurän köwetä

; Basangova (BordZanova)'s interpretation. 34

í' Bálint yucin yurbuta, Kalm. yu£n yurwnlä (a multiplying numeral, cf. Benzing, Johannes: Kalmückische Grammatik zum Nachschlagen Wiesbaden, Otto Harrassowitz 1985 p. 97; Kotwii, VI. L.: Opyt grammatiki kalmyekogo razgovornogo jazyka. (Manuscript) 1929 p 124 . 34

7 The age of thirty-three is either a misunderstanding of the text or a joking allusion to a real event in the informant's milieu. By Ramstedt the attributes attached to the proper name are: yuljing kükün Juji

, segelen kükén Jujan "tempestuous maid, segelen maid"; by Aalto: "das sich hin und her drehenden Mädchen DZ.udZa; segelen DZ.udZa". Ramstedt - Balinov - Aalto: Kalmückische Lieder pp. 1-127, on pp. 38-39. The attribute might also be governed by the rules of the alliteration. In the song devoted to the defeat of Napoleon's army at Moscow, where Kalmyks vigorously participated as well (cf. above also the note to stanza lc), the same appears as attribute to a Kalmyk nobleman and is a more reliable use of this attribute than one ascribed to a beloved maid or to a bride. Tuen yurwta Cern Jawn

' The thirty-three years old Tserenjaw rundlta kewär Sawtw. regrettably became wounded Mandlj yarsn narn "The rising sun" stanza 2cd. Törskn yazrin dud. p. 42. 14

8 Bálint damjiülji, Kalm. damjülj. lit. "transmitting, passing on". 34

9 Bálint yurbudärn 7, Kalm yurwdär n

', cf. Kalm. yunvtwär "zum drittenmal, beim dritten Male" (R. 156), yurwadar "po tri" (Mun. 1

70). The above translation is based on the meaning given by Munijev. 35

0 Manuscript p. 19, Song Nr. 4. in Grammar p 193. 13

1 Bálint näiman zalü, Kalm. nämn zalü "eight lads", Grammar-text zurghän zalü "six lads". 59