É. Apor (ed.): David Kaufmann Memorial Volume: Papers Presented at the David Kaufmann Memorial Conference, November 29, 1999, Budapest.
DAVID, Abraham: Historical Sources in the Kaufmann Collection: The Case of the Expulsion from the Papal States (1569)
HISTORICAL SOURCES IN THE KAUFMANN COLLECTION cooperation of the leaders of the Urbino community in finding solutions for the safe resettlement of the refugees now living in Pesaro. The writers noted that they were unable to absorb them because of the policy of the Duke of Urbino, Guidobaldo della Revere II, who also ruled Pesaro. Although he had allowed the Jewish refugees to winter there, this was with the understanding that they would leave the duchy at winter's end. The writers wished to take an accurate census of the number of refugees in their city: "we chose to send this letter first to all the places where they dwell in order to determine the number of people who must depart." They also asked that the parnassim of Urbino cooperate in planning their journey to the East: "to have them leave with comfort, to find them rest, to provide sufficient boats." They also noted that it was necessary to give the travellers money and provisions for the journey "even though our brethren in Ferrara have agreed to give each person leaving a sum of three gold scudi." A similar request was sent by the heads of the Pesaro Jewish community to the nearby communities of San Angelo, Fossombrone, and Senigallia. Other letters in MS Kaufmann A 494 reflect the same difficult situation. 1 8 An anonymous letter sent by the heads of a Jewish community in the Duchy of Urbino" indicates that it was public pressure, most probably from church officials in Urbino, that induced the duke to change his mind and to order the expulsion of the Jewish refugees from the Papal States from his realm: i5xa nax -I©K N"T oiann mnx n5©nn ur> nnn mon5 [aJ'Pun ixa© nnx 'a n"T inxn n5yn 5x rue© Dnpy unai Da nra nixnxn max qsia innen in vrr n5yoi...rr ,n©na annn 3'©n5 Dm» 1? psa nay mn annua nun [opayo u ayi nnn ppn npn ipy auxn 5a5 poxnn5 5m x5 u ,Dn5 nnsnui omrui nxanu inxn DR nta anix ©nr ©nu n5a in5©a [a]'i5s ©in 5a tan [DP©™ [Dpxixn n5©5 nn ,oaixn5 135' x5 For after the exiles came under the wing of the government of our master the duke, may he be exalted, they said: "In his shade [they] shall be revived: They shall bring to life new grain, They shall blossom like the vine" [Hosea 14:8]. But the local public quarrelled with them and wrote accusatory letters to his eminence the master, may he be exalted. And even though the leaders of our generation stood in the breach many times and succeeded in turning aside their destructive anger...(this time] his eminence our master acceded to them, for he was unable to withstand all those standing before him. He made a law, he issued a decree to hasten to expel the broken-down ones in a certain month - "Indeed when he lets you go, he will drive you out of here" [Exod. 11:11 - if they do not leave voluntarily. 1 8 See: DAVID, New Documents - Italia. 28-35. 1 9 DAVID, ibid. 28-30. 33
