Rózsa, George: The Documentation of Science Organization as an Emerging New Branch of Scientific Information (A MTAK kiadványai 32. Budapest, 1962)
б staff amounts to more than 10 ООО. 8 Beside the increasing number of scientific institutions and scientists, data on the budget of science are not less convincing and clear. Taking the United States, the biggest capitalist county, the sums spent on research and development, amounting to S 900 million in 1940, were increased approximately to $ 12.5 billion for 1959. This sum, expressed in proportion to the gross national product, runs to 2.5 percent. 9 The Soviet Union spent 874 million (new) roubles on science in 1950, while in 1960 3,260 million, and in 1961 expended over 3,800 million. 1 0 Hungary expended 1.6 million forint on research work in 1961, which amounts to more than 1 percent of the national income, being equivalent of 2 percent of the national budget. 1 1 Official sources, and calculations made on their basis show that, from the turn of the century to the early twenties, the number of personnel employed in research and higher education, all over the world, can be estimated at 50 000, of which some 15 000 were engaged in research. Total of research expenditure amounted to half-million pound sterling. (From J. B. BERNAL: Science in history. London, 1954.) In 1960 already some 650 000 joersons -were engaged in scientific research, and the research costs can be estimated at 20 billion dollars. Professor BERNAL also renders valuable estimated informations in his book World without war (London, 1959.), on the number of professional scientists engaged in theoretical research in the most developed countries, Soviet Union: 80 000, Unites States: 40 000, United Kingdom: 10 000. The number of scientists engaged in theoretical research, all over the world, can be estimated at 200 000, which number is rapidly increasing. According to these calculations, the number of research workers in the developed countries increases by 7 percent annually, that is, much quicker than in any other occupation. • This ever growing, and in the last decade, sudden increase of scientific institutions, research institutes, scientific workers, and the proportion of the share of science in the budget, as compared to any other economic sector in the developed countries, is due to the decisive significance of science in the development of every economic sector (industry, agriculture, transport, communication etc.). This fact was thus formulated by A. N. KOSIGIN, vice-president of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, at the All-Union conference of scientific workers (Moscow, 12—14 June, 1961.): "Technology should develop quicker than production, while science should develop quicker than technology" . Accordingly, a suddenly increased interest is shown all over the world in the planning, organizing and economic problems of scientific research, and — as a result — its proper subject literature has come into existence. This is indicated, among others, by the fact that one of the most remarkable western research institutes for social sciences and economics, the Institut de Science 8SZERÉNYI Sándor—SZÁNTÓ Lajos: Politikai munka a Tudományos Akadémián és intézeteiben. (Political work in the Academy of Sciences and at its institutes.) PárlClet. 1961. 7. no. 19—25. pp. S ZERKNYI Sándor: Tudományos életünk néhány időszerű kérdéséről. (On some actual problems of our scientific life). Mngv. Tudomány. 1901. 7—8. no. 393 — 402. pp. 'Data: NYILA3 J. op. cit. 59 —67. pp. Kmn, Charles: American universities and federal research. Cambridge, 1959, Harvard Univ. Press. 272 p. 1 0 KOSIGIN, A. N.: Za lesnuyu sryaz nauki s zliiznyu. Pravda. 15 June, 1961. 2 — 3. pp. 1 1 SZERÉNYI S. — SZÁNTÓ L. op. cit. 19. p.
