Rózsa, George: The Documentation of Science Organization as an Emerging New Branch of Scientific Information (A MTAK kiadványai 32. Budapest, 1962)
11 come into existence on the material-technical conditions of research as well as on new mathematical methods (cybernetics, theory of games, operations research, etc.) In our age, we are witness to the mathematization of sciences, to the effort made to quantify the phenomena of social science. Mathematical methods took root in economy, and by machine translation, in linguistics as well. Logistic, mathematical statistics and other methods based on them, are applied to a continuously increasing extent. These methods help the development of complex "borderline" researches concerning several branches of science — which is one of the most important features of contemporary large-scale scientific work. At last this chapter concerns itself with the organization and hygiene of brain work, the registration, methods and technique of collecting material as well. 7. Economic Problems of Scientific Work In accordance with the significance of the up-to-date research in the national economy, its economic problems have increased in two ways: research as a social activity has now an important economic impact on ever)' branch of production, and produces values of itself, and, on the other hand, financing, maintaining, operating, and developing of scientific research. Within the scope of economy of scientific work, distinction should be made between the following main themes: discoveries and inventions (their realization, and practical use in production, questions of their license, system of patents and innovations), and related to them the technological development: science budget (in correlation with government budget, its proportion to the national income and to state budget; proportions of material and personal expenditures; ratio of expenditures by research levels; investments; proportion of scientific and assistant personnel and the administration, norms of expenditure by size of industrial plants); rcntability and efficiency (calculator)' methods and elaboration of index systems on the economic effectiveness of scientific research work by levels; efficiency of science investments); statistics and accountancy of scientific work (systems of scientific and economic control of research; adequate system of accountancy to the peculiarities of scientific work); management and economics of research (plant like inner organization of research institutes; measurement of efficiency of research). The process of turning science into a direct productive force makes more and more urgent and important the elaboration and sound foundation of its economic problems; the research economics, with special reference to the fact that, the product of research is a particular product as well. 8. Scientific Manpower-management , Scientific Personnel This problem embodies the following questions: educational system (its democratism, its relation to existing social system, teaching to scientific and technical knowledge, which is of great importance in respect to the development of science both at the elementary and secondary school); higher education (system of higher school and university training, its connection with practice and productive work; adequate curricula to meet the needs of the national economy
