É. Apor (ed.): Codex Cumanicus. Ed. by Géza Kuun with a Prolegomena to the Codex Cumanicus by Lajos Ligeti. (Budapest Oriental Reprints, Ser. B 1.)
L. Ligeti: Prolegomena to the Codex Cumanicus
34 1. LIGETI Majhül wáw (ö): robah [robagh] «fox» — Cl. röbah; Coll. rubah; Ming Tr. rübah [lu-pa-he; 55b]; Mirg Int. roba (12); Kab. róbáh (12); Tj. rüböh; Mog. Mr, M rőbá; Ur robah-, péröza fperoxa] «turquoise» — Cl. piröza; Coll.piruza; Tj. pirüza, firüza; Afg. peróza; Kurd. pirőze; róz [iox] «day» - Cl.rőz; Coll. ruz; Ming Tr. röz (lo-lsü; 15b); Ming Int. rőz (6); Kab. róz (12); Tj. riíz; Afg. roz- (initial component of a compound word); Ur. roz. Similar examples are:roSan [rcsan] «light» ; hósa [bosa] «kiss» ;dost [dost] «frierd»; drágán [dregean] «bar»; göSt [ghoist] «flesh»; etc. 4 7 A part of the old majhül vowels appears in ma'rvf form (t, ù) in the Codex. i replaces the former è: bimár [bin mar] «sick» - Cl. bimár; Coll. bimár ; Kab. bémár (11); Tj. bemér; Meg. M bimár; Míg. Mr. bimar; Ur. bimár-, Afg. bimár-, Kurd, bimar (Jal a); Uzb. bemőr; Otm. bimar. Etymology is questionable; cf. Horn n° 209; mina [miua] «fruit» — CI. mima, maiva (Stg.), mèva (Laz. 143); Coll. mine ; Mirg Tr. mèva (mie-va ; 62a); Ming. Int. mèva (10); Kab. meu-a (11); Tj. meva; Her mèva; Mog. Mr, M mèva ; Afg. meva ; Ur. meva; Kurd, méve (W), meva, maivé (Jabu); mix [migli] «nail» — Cl. mèx; Coll. mix; Kab. méx (11); Her. mix; Tj. mex; Mog. M mèx; Afg. mex; Uri mex; Kurd. méx (W); Uzb. mix. Cf. Horn n° 1005. Such are: dir [dir] and dér [der] "late"; divaria [divana] "mad"; mizak [nizech] «urine»; detrviS [daruis] and darvèS [darues] «poor». 4 7 In Kabuli, the most extensively studied dialect of Afghanistan, some phenomena can be detected that may throw light on certain Persian data of the Codex. It should be noted in connection with rnajhiil cases that compared with colloquial è, literary pronuncation wavers between è and ai: oméd «espoir», bórán «détruit» (lit. vairán). At times ai changes into i: Sèx «cheik». Similar variance can be observed in the pronunciation of 6 and au: róéan, ròaan (Lit. Tj. ravgan; I myself heard the form rauyan in Afghanistan). The Arabic au sometimes changes into 6: tùba «répantir» (Farhad, pp. 8- 9). The latter word occurs in the German pail of the Codéx as tóba «Reue», and in the Italian part among the month-names as tab ay «Reuemonat, Április» (Grönbech, 116. 246). Bazin ( Les calendriers, p. 633) was right in stating that the correct foim of the C'cman month is tóba ay, and that Coman töba derives from the Arabic lawbat «répentir, rctour au Dieu» (BK I, 210). Lit. P marks vulgar töba besides tavbat, tauba (Stg.). Unlike Bazin, I think töb ay is not a contraction, but an inaccuracy caused by dictution. Bazin's explanation is fully confirmed by the quoted Osm. büyük tövbe and küíük tövbe expressions. The correct interpretation of tub ày was already given by Kowalski (Archiv Orientálni I, 21), who pointed out that this month of «confession» referred to Easter, since the converted Comans had to make confessions at that time. Consequently, this month of the «shifting feast» could not denot a fixed month. The Coman töba originates in Persian, but not necessarily in the Persian dialect of the Codex. A similar explanation applies to the name of Toris found in Italian documents of the Mongol period, referring to Tabriz (Tawriz ).
