Miklós Kásler - Zoltán Szentirmay (szerk.): Identifying the Árpád Dynasty Skeletons Interred in the Matthias Church. Applying data from historical, archaeological, anthropological, radiological, morphological, radiocarbon dating and genetic research (Budapest, 2021)

CHAPTER TEN – Unique identification of the skeletons

Budapest. In the Göttingen

laboratory,

the Al and A2 alleles could only be determined in the case of a total of 3 markers (D5S818, FGA, TH01), each of these markers’ alleles matched one of skeleton II/52_3 s (maternal) alleles. In the other three cases (DIOS, D18S51, D21S51), only one of the alleles of the A-STR markers could be determined, none of which were identical to skeleton II/52_3 s A-STR markers. The A-STR marker investigation conducted in the Budapest-2 laboratory by Dr Erzsébet

Csernák covered

15 markers, out of which in 11 cases we were able to detect both alleles, in two cases we were able to detect one allele, and in another 2 cases we did not arrive at any evaluable results. We evaluated the individual results obtained from the A-STR markers via PCR with next generation sequencing, and in the comparisons, we took into account the sequencing (NGS) data. After summarizing the results of the analyses conducted by the Göttingen and

Budapest laboratories and supplementing them with the CSF1PO marker data examined by Dr Judit Olasz,

it

immediately becomes clear, that out of the 16 A-STR markers which can definitely be evaluated, only markers DI OS1248, D21S11 and D22S1045 failed to match with either alleles of the II/52_3 consensus A-STR marker. Extremely long A-STR alleles can be found at the non-matching D21S11 marker, similarly to the SE33 marker which was excluded due to PCR artifacts (see Table 16). The possibility of a PCR artifact arises with a high probability for marker D21S11 as well, and thus going forward we do not take these data into account either. Thus, ultimately we only evaluated the results of fifteen A-STR markers. In a ratio of 13/15, the aggregate A-STR marker results were identical to one of skeleton 11/52 s alleles (the maternal one): this points to a close family relationship between the fetus and skeleton 11/52 (Table 20).

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