Miklós Kásler - Zoltán Szentirmay (szerk.): Identifying the Árpád Dynasty Skeletons Interred in the Matthias Church. Applying data from historical, archaeological, anthropological, radiological, morphological, radiocarbon dating and genetic research (Budapest, 2021)

CHAPTER SEVEN – Genetic investigations

and thus the results were not always acceptable, or only one allele of a given A-STR marker was detectable.

5. In

the case of markers where the alleles length consists of 18 or more repeating units with four bases, a large number of flawed PCR products are generated during PCR amplification, and these are not always easy to detect. In the case of marker SE33, frequent PCR errors were obvious, which is why it was advisable exclude this marker from the analysis of family relations. All of this underscored the fact that when investigating the family relations of certain skeletons the data cannot be evaluated in a routine manner.

6. It

was also clearly found that in some cases it is not the length of the allele, but rather the molecular structure of the chromosome region that influences the detectability of the A-STR marker. This phenomenon was particularly apparent in the case of the following three A-STRmarkers. ( 1 ) D2S1338: in several cases the PCRdetection produced unacceptable results, even after numerous attempts. (2) D7S82: detection of this marker with various kits was problematic, because with some DNA samples, at least one PCR primer did not readily attach to the appropriate chromosome region due to a sequence variation in the template, and thus the PCR product was not created (see Chapter 8, Figure 38). (3) D19S433: this marker caused the biggest problem. It is located in a chromosome region with a very complicated structure. Furthermore, when detecting this marker, Verena Seidenberg

and

Susanne Hummel (Göttingen)

found many flawed PCR products. During PCR amplification of the DNA samples from three skeletons, a PCR artifact as long as 17.2 bp appeared (Final Report-2).

140