Horváth László szerk.: Zalai Múzeum 17. (Közlemények Zala megye múzeumaiból, Zalaegerszeg, 2008)

TOKAI ZITA MÁRIA: A lengyeli kultúra egy újabb állatábrázolása Nagybakónakról

MRE 2003 Bánffy E. - Goldman Gy.: Újkőkori hitvilág. In.: Magyar régészet az ezredfordulón. Budapest 2003. 112-117. PAVÚK 1994 Pavúk, J.: Santovka eine bedeutende Fundstelle der Lengyel-Kultur in der Slowakei. ArchKorrbl 24 (1994), 167 177. STANKOVIC 1986 Stankovic, S.: Zrtvenici i prosopomorfhi poklopci iz Vince. - Altars and prosopomorphic lids from Vinca. Beograd 1986. TASIC 1973 Tasié, N.: Neolitska Plastika - Neolithic sculpture. Beograd 1973. TOKAI 2007 Tokai Z. M.: Nagykanizsa-Palin, Anyagnyerőhely. RégKut 2006 (2007), 236-237. M. VIRÁG 1996 M. Virág Zs.: Újkőkor és korai rézkor. In.: Költő L. Vándor L. (szerk.): Évezredek üzenete a láp világából. Régészeti kutatások a Kis-Balaton területén 1979-1992. Kaposvár-Zalaegerszeg, 1996, 16-20. ZALAI-GAÁL 1998 Zalai-Gaál, I.: Die applizierte Tierplastik der LengyelKultur. ActaArchHung 50 (1998), 43-90. ZALAI-GAÁL 2002 Zalai-Gaál, I.: Die neolithische Gräbergruppe-B 1 von Mórágy-Tüzködomb. I. Die archäologischen Funde und Befunde. Szekszárd-Saarbrücken 2002. A new animal representation of the Lengyel culture from Nagybakónak The site was found during field walking in Nagybakónak Puszta-dülő on a natural elevation where two streams join together (Fig. I. 1-3). The majority of the finds were pottery fragments such as bowls (Fig. 2. 1-3), cups (Fig. 2. 4-5), amphorae (Fig. 3. 1), vessels with handles positioned in a way that suggests that the vessel was carried on the back of a human by means of ropes (dorsel vessel) (Fig. 3. 2-3) and cooking vessels (Fig. 3. 5). Other types of clay objects were also found such as handled side fragments of pottery used for polishing (Fig. 3. 4) and a weight fragment (Fig. 3. 6). A few stone tools also came to light (Fig. 3. 7-8). Amongst the finds a lid with a handle ending in animal heads is outstanding. It is a brown lid, which is grey in cross section. It is tempered with sand and grog. The animal heads are schematically represented. The elongated triangular-shaped heads with horns and noses may represent goats. The handle of the lid is slightly concave, it becomes thicker towards its bottom and it is pierced in the middle (Fig. 4. 1-2). The types of lids with animal representations can be divided into several groups irrespective whether they are ended in one or two animal heads. Within the distribution area of the Lengyel culture such lids can be divided into three groups (Fig. 5): solid, pierced and reticulated. It is assumed that lids with animal representations were not used in everyday life, but they had a role perhaps during rituals. Only a small number of these lids are known but chronologically they are present from the Early to the Late Lengyel culture, and spatially they are found from Moravia to Serbia. The closest analogy of the lid handle, ending in two animal heads from Nagybakónak, in Hungary is from Zalaszentbalázs, but it best corresponds to a lid from Brno - Komin. According to the analogies the lid from Nagybakónak can be dated to the Classic or Late Lengyel culture. The finds, which were found during field walking are dated from the Lengyel IB to the Lengyel III. This may indicate the long term occupation of the site or, because of the favourable geographical position of the site, it may have been occupied during the different periods of the Lengyel culture. This assumption and the detailed analyses of the extensive settlement can only be assessed after the excavation of the whole territory of the settlement. Translated by Attila Kreiter